Women writing in India

Table of Contents Introduction The Theme of Change Razia Sajjad Zaheer Amrita Pritam Ratakonda Vasundhara Devi Conclusion Work Cited Introduction The confrontation between tradition and change comes out well in the collection Women writing in India. The collection contains various views on the theme change as presented by various women authors. This paper will examine the outstanding features of the tradition and the change as presented in the collection. The paper also brings out the effect that change has on the protagonists. An analysis is made on how both men and women respond to change and who between men and women responds better to the changes.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Women writing in India specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The Theme of Change It is worth mentioning that the collection of short stories in the book Women writing in India is one big representation of the theme of change. It is a r epresentation of the change because it assists to bring out the talent that women possess, which was initially (before the age of learning institutions) not recognized. The collection is true evidence of the ingenuity that women posses; a potential which has been trampled down by male chauvinists. Going through the stories in this collection, one gets to view the society from a different perspective. It was quite appropriate that the authors did not engage in any kind gender modification to represent women as better than men; such an action could have dispelled the authenticity of the application of the stories in the society. The stories are a true replica of the society with no unnecessary delineation, which could have depicted the society as it was not. It is evident that the authors in this collection had embraced to write about change as it had seemingly set them free. This, however, is not an indication that the authors had depicted tradition in bad light. It can be argued tha t the authors had technically juxtaposed tradition and change thus leaving it to the readers to point out the good and bad element of both the tradition and the change. The authors were very observant of the changes that were taking place in the society, especially those which touched on the liberation of women. Some of the authors who stood out well in representing the change in their stories are examined below. Razia Sajjad Zaheer Razia Sajjad Zaheer was well educated; she acquired a master’s degree. She was married to a husband who shared the same interest as her and was an activist. It is alleged that he spent half the years he was married to Razia Sajjad Zaheer in prison. Nevertheless, they kept on communicating despite the geographical gap that existed between them. Razia wrote many stories and the one which was captured in the collection was titled Neech, which meant low born. Using this story, Razia presented in an exceedingly powerful manner a huge conflict between t he tradition and change. She juxtaposed dominant elements of tradition and change in a very amazing manner. Shymali was the daredevil who changed the tradition. To Sultan, who had developed an admiration for Shyamali, this was beyond reality, it was lunacy.Advertising Looking for essay on literature languages? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The tradition was that, husbands were very precious and in the words of Sultan: â€Å"a husband was so precious; he was a woman’s honor, her god on earth† (Tharu and Lalita 148). Shyamali, a low born, was of a different opinion; she did not believe she deserved to be treated as a prostitute. The author decided to introduce a change in a different manner, not through the noble but through the low born. The change story Neech surprised both men and women. Sultan was seen struggling with the thought of how women could go against their husbands even if the husbands mistreated t hem. To Sultani, this was unthinkable. To Sultani, there was one fact; a fact that in that society â€Å"marriage was nothing more than legalized prostitution† (Tharu and Lalita 149). Amrita Pritam Amrita Proitam went through a life that was filled with many restrictions that adversely hindered her potential from sprouting freely. After the death of her mother, her father restricted her so much that she could literary feel restriction in each breath she took. At a tender age of sixteen years, she got married and her new family was against her publicity, which was due to her writing of poems. The general feeling was that she was not undertaking her duties as a wife and daughter in law but instead was engaging in writing, which brought much publicity to her. She later divorced her first husband and afterwards lived with the artist Imroz. Amrita Pritam can be described as a champion of the women struggle against oppression from male. She often wrote about the loneliness that mar ried women endured and the atrocities that they suffered. Her writings can be described as those which encouraged women to be open-minded and seek freedom from the entanglement of oppression. She was quite frank and often informed the women who so desired to free themselves that they were likely to incur some costs. Amrita received a number of awards for her contribution towards empowering the womenfolk and encouraging them to stand up for their rights. Amrita expressed a lot of pain in one of the poems that she wrote. The poem was titled Jada that is winter (Tharu and Lalita 163). The title might have been symbolic to display the coldness that was inherent on women’s lives. The poem described how her whole body shivered. The shivering is attributed to have started from her soul. This is an indication that the cause of the oppression that women were subjected to was an intrinsic factor; it was something that was inherent in the society.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Women writing in India specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In the last stanza of her poem, she seemed to have had a desire for a cup of sunlight. She was to tuck this cup of sunlight into her womb and by so doing the winter in her life would have passed away. This was quite symbolic as it was a simple but powerful message that she was delivering to fellow womenfolk that they needed enlightenment in order to cross over from the coldness that oppression had locked them in. Ratakonda Vasundhara Devi This is another writer who vividly brought out the suffering that women underwent while undertaking the roles that the society had prescribed to them. Ratakonda clearly fought for women right. Her writing brought to light issues, which touched on women â€Å"rights, their pleasures and pains, and their welfare† (358). The story Picchi (madness) was written by Ratakonda. She used this story to shade light on the burden that women were exposed to. In this story, a man married his second wife after the first one had committed suicide. The second wife seems to put up well with the family but soon after she gave birth to the first child, she ran mad. The immediate family believed that it was the food she was given after giving birth that affected her. In the true sense, it was the pressure and burden that were laid on the first and the second wives that drove them to the kind of calamities that they underwent. Some members of the village often went to visit the second wife at the mental hospital. Though visiting her was a show of concern, clearly the society was missing out on vital issues and attending to issues, which were of less significance. The vital issues were to ensure that women were not overworked. It was ironical that overworking oneself could be viewed as being a good and responsible wife. Unlike in the two stories above, this story on Picchi does not reflect any change but rather brings to f ull light the kind of chains that women were enslaved in. Conclusion The collection Women writing in India brought out significant issues, which affected the lives of women. The collection was a good illustration of women fighting for their rights. The theme which dominated in this volume was that of change. The change depicted in most of the stories by the different authors was that of women going against oppression and moving towards their freedom. As some of the writers noted, this movement was not easy, and in some cases it cost women a lot. Some of the changes which took place surprised even the women who were supposed to benefit from the changes. Men, who were depicted as agents of this oppression on women, did not take lightly the changes as they viewed them as a disobedience to what the society had agreed on as the normal way of life. Work Cited Tharu, Susie and Lalita, ke. Women writing in India: 600 B.C. to the present, volume 2. New York, Feminist Press, 1991. Print.Adver tising Looking for essay on literature languages? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This essay on Women writing in India was written and submitted by user Kaitlin Howard to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Physician Assisted Suicide

Physician Assisted Suicide Free Online Research Papers Debbie was a 20 year old girl with a severe case of ovarian cancer, and was a patient of the gynecologic-oncology unit at her local hospital. She was having unrelenting problems with vomiting as a result of an alcohol drip that was being administered for her sedation. Her appearance was that of extreme emaciation, and her breathing was always very loud and heavily labored. Her condition led onlookers to pure shock and disbelief that a girl so young could look so old. She was receiving nasal oxygen, had an IV, and was obviously suffering from what could only be severe air hunger. Her medical chart noted that she only weighed eighty pounds. Debbie’s eyes were sunken in and looked hollow, and she had suprasternal and intercostal retractions with her rapid respirations. It had been a full 48 hours since Debbie had either eaten or slept. She had shown absolutely no signs of improvement with her chemotherapy, and seemed to be worn and beaten by her struggle to survive. Debbie’s only words to the nurse administering her supportive care were â€Å"Let’s get this over with.† Debbie’s mother was by her side on the night that the gynecologic resident was paged to Debbie’s room. The resident was expecting this late night page to be an elderly woman that was having trouble getting to sleep, and was amazed by what she saw when she arrived at the room- a middle aged woman standing next to the bed of what could only be her sister, or so she thought until the resident saw the patient’s age on her chart. The resident, after reviewing the chart of the patient, and having a discussion with the mother, decided that while she may not be able to give Debbie health, she could give her rest. The resident went to the nurse’s station, and asked a nurse to draw 20mg of morphine sulfate into a syringe- enough, she thought, to do the job. She took the syringe back to Debbie’s room, and told the two women that she was going to give Debbie something that would help her rest, and that now was the time to say good-bye. Debbie’s moth er smiled and said her final words to Debbie while she was still alive, then gave the resident the OK. The resident injected the morphine sulfate into Debbie intravenously, and waited for the signs that her calculations on the effect of the medicine were correct. Within seconds, Debbie’s breath slowed to a normal rate, her eyes closed, and her features softened as she finally seemed at rest. Debbie’s breath continued to slow, and with clock-like certainty, had almost completely ceased within four minutes. Her breathing became very irregular, then ceased completely. Debbie was no longer alive. Identify and Discuss: Should Debbie have been assisted by the resident in her suicide? There are many things to consider when asking this question. First and foremost, what did Debbie want? By her saying â€Å"Let’s get this over with,† it can safely be assumed that Debbie was ready for her pain and suffering to end. While Debbie was at a very young age in her life, the ovarian cancer had led to her having to constantly be in a state of sedation via IV alcohol drip. She had excessive trouble breathing, and from her emaciated state, we can also assume that she was having serious problems with either ingestion or digestion, or both. Debbie had already tried chemotherapy, but it had failed thus far. Another factor to consider would be the opinion of Debbie’s mother. While by Debbie’s bedside in the hospital, the mother seemed to agree with Debbie that it was time for the pain and suffering to end. Debbie’s mother was probably upset by seeing her daughter in such a horrible condition for so long, that she was also ready to use the last resort of ending Debbie’s life. The case did not say anything about Debbie’s father so his opinion is not able to be taken into account. Next to consider would be the legality of the resident helping Debbie to end her life. The case does not specify where this hospital is located; however, in every state, with the exception of Oregon, physician assisted suicide is illegal. If this hospital happened to be in Oregon, then it was within the resident’s legal rights to assist Debbie in her death. However, if this hospital was not in Oregon, then the resident that administered the morphine sulfate was doing something illegal, and could be tried for murder. Another consideration would be the professional values that deal with physician assisted suicide. According to the Washington School of Medicine, half of practicing physicians believe that physician assisted suicide is ethically justifiable in certain cases. An average of one in five physicians will at some point in their career get a request for physician assisted suicide, and about twenty percent of these physicians will go through with the PAS. (Braddock) Propose: I believe that in Debbie’s case, the resident was ethically justified in administering the morphine sulfate. It is what Debbie and her mother wanted, so that Debbie’s pain and suffering would be alleviated. The resident first and foremost respected Debbie’s autonomy by performing the injection. Decisions about time and method of death are very personal, and a competent patient such as Debbie should have the right to choose when and how they die. Debbie made that decision by stating â€Å"Let’s get this over with.† Another justification for the resident was a combination of justice and compassion. All like cases should be treated alike, and with Debbie being in a state at which she was competent to make her own decisions, she could have refused treatment to hasten her own death. For some patients, like Debbie, death by refusal of treatment is not quick enough, and suicide is the only way, as they are experiencing unbearable suffering. This suffering for Debbie was apparently not alleviated by her alcohol drip, and chemotherapy had already failed to treat her cancer, so it was out of compassion that the resident administered the morphine sulfate injection. Critique: There are some critiques of performing physician assisted suicide- the first being the sanctity of life. This argument points out strong religious and secular traditions against taking human life. It may be argued that the resident should not have performed the PAS, but the case said nothing of either the resident’s religious beliefs or Debbie’s. Another critique could be the passive versus active distinction. The argument here holds that there is an important difference between passively letting die and actively killing. Some might argue that treatment refusal or withholding treatment equates to letting die and is justifiable, whereas PAS equates to killing and is not justifiable. One more critique would be that PAS demotes the image of the medical profession. This argument points to the historical ethical traditions of medicine, which are strongly opposed to taking life. For instance, the Hippocratic Oath states, I will not administer poison to anyone where asked, and Be of benefit, or at least do no harm. Furthermore, major professional groups (AMA, AGS) oppose assisted death. The overall concern is that linking PAS to the practice of medicine could harm the publics image of the profession. (Braddock) Bibliography Braddock, Clarence H. MD, MPH. Physician Assisted Suicide. Ethics in Medicine. University of Washington School of Medicine. http://depts.washington.edu/bioethx/topics/pas.html Research Papers on Physician Assisted SuicideArguments for Physician-Assisted Suicide (PAS)The Fifth HorsemanThe Masque of the Red Death Room meaningsPersonal Experience with Teen PregnancyThe Hockey GameHarry Potter and the Deathly Hallows EssayThe Spring and Autumn19 Century Society: A Deeply Divided EraWhere Wild and West MeetMind Travel Physician Assisted Suicide Free Online Research Papers Physician assisted suicide and the right to die; these words bring to most people’s minds the name Dr. Jack Kevorkian or â€Å"Dr. Death† as he has been labeled by the media. Dr. Kevorkian designed a â€Å"suicide machine† that could terminate a patient’s life through a serious of intravenous injections. This brought him national attention and ridicule, but there is much more to this subject. There is more than what the surface has shown. Those who automatically dismiss the subject of physician assisted suicide as immoral likely have no personal experience with loved ones who have suffered through horrible, pain-intensive terminal illnesses. In 1992, my grandmother was diagnosed with terminal lung cancer. She suffered months of exhausting treatment. This was the right choice for her, but it was all for naught. There was a point in her treatment in which the doctors determined that further medical treatment would not save her life. During the last few weeks of her life, she was in grave pain. The doctor had prescribed the strongest pain medication available at the time, liquid morphine. I was charged with her medical care, along with a friend of hers, during the last few weeks of her life. In order to keep my grandmother from agonizing pain, I asked the doctor to increase the doses of morphine. At one point, the doctor administered triple and quadruple the amounts of regular morphine doses to my grandmother. The amount had little effect on my grandmother. Many times I thought of increasing the morphine dosage enough so that she would fall asleep and never wake up again. I wanted to the pain away from her forever. I didn’t have to think about that decision for long. Shortly after my grandmother stopped breathing, I realized the cancer had taken her from me and the world. My grandmother’s experience is a good example of what could have been a physician-assisted suicide. Sounding Board, Death and Dignity (New England Journal of Medicine, March 7th 1991) is an article written by a pseudo-name, Timothy E. Quill, M.D. Quill is a medical physician who goes on to describe about his experience with a former patient of his. This patient, whom he refers to â€Å"Diane†, was diagnosed with acute myelomonocytic leukemia. This form of leukemia is terminal. Quill writes that he knew Diane for quite some time and had knowledge of some of the trials and tribulations she had been through in her life. Diane suffered from alcoholism, depression, and uterine cancer. Quill writes that Diane was able to overcome these demons. Quill informed Diane cancer diagnosis. He also informed her that her cancer treatment would be exhausting and last for months. The treatments would make her extremely sick and weak. Despite the treatment, Diane’s chances of survival would only be twenty-five percent. Quill informs Diane that time is not on her side and treatment would begin immediately. Diane soon realized that her chances of survival were reduced with each passing day. Diane decided that she needed to discuss her options with her family. Quill writes that Diane returned two days later and informed him that she was refusing further treatment. Diane stated that she realized her chances of survival were reduced with each passing day. Quill was surprised at Diane’s decision. He respected her wish to refuse further treatment. Quill ensured Diane that he would take the necessary steps to make sure that her remaining days would be medically comfortable for her. Within time, Diane’s symptoms became progressively worse. Diane realized then she didn’t have much time left. Diane requested a prescription for barbiturates from Quill. Quill was familiar with the Hemlock Society, an organization dedicated to fighting for a patient’s right to die. Quill knew that barbiturates are a key ingredient in a Hemlock Society suicide. Quill determined that Diane experiencing trouble sleeping, yet he struggled with her request for barbiturates. Ultimately, Quill prescribed barbiturates for Diane, all the while knowing that she would use them to end her life. In my opinion, I believe Quill made the right decision regarding Diane. Diane’s story was not about a woman suffering from depression wishing to end her life. Diane’s story is a true life example of an individual faced with a slow, painful death due to a terminal illness. In my opinion, Quill likely felt guilty knowing that Diane would suffer a slow, painful death. The guilt of allowing Diane to suffer a painful death was likely much greater than any guilt he felt about violating the law; professionally or legally. I strongly believe that individuals should think more about the bigger picture physician-assisted suicides. My experience long ago with my grandmother taught me the difference between spirit of the law and the letter of the law. The Hemlock Society has been an integral part of fighting for patient’s right to die with dignity. On October 27th, 1997, physician-assisted suicide became legal in the State of Oregon for terminally ill patients meeting the requirements of the law. In my opinion, other states should follow Oregon’s lead regarding physician-assisted suicide. The United States Supreme Court is currently examining physician-assisted suicide to determine if our nation will follow Oregon’s lead. Research Papers on Physician Assisted SuicideArguments for Physician-Assisted Suicide (PAS)Personal Experience with Teen PregnancyCapital PunishmentLifes What IfsGenetic EngineeringThe Masque of the Red Death Room meaningsThe Fifth HorsemanMarketing of Lifeboy Soap A Unilever ProductThree Concepts of PsychodynamicThe Effects of Illegal Immigration

How to Get Organized at Work When Youre a Marketer

How to Get Organized at Work When Youre a Marketer Getting (and staying) organized at work is no easy feat. Your inbox is constantly filling up with emails and meeting invites Your desk is covered in random piles of sticky notes†¦ And your office messaging system is blowing up non-stop. It’s no wonder you struggle like craaazzzy to *actually* get anything done. #truth But when you’re a marketer who is responsible for a million projects, tasks, and deadlines†¦ being organized is a more than just a nice-to-have†¦ Being organized at work is a necessity. And by the end of this post you will: Know how to get organized at work (thanks to # organizational tips) Learn about # powerful organization tools that can help you get organized AND have access to a couple of *very* helpful organizational templates. Let’s get organized, shall we? How to Get Organized at Work When Youre a Marketer via @How To Get Organized At Work Getting organized at work doesn’t have to be a struggle†¦ BUT it does take some effort. And when I say â€Å"effort† I mean that getting organized at work is about more that just â€Å"getting organized at work.† Because honestly, your life *outside* of work also has to be a bit organized for it not to cramp your style from 9 to 5. 😕 Another thingif you’re one of those people who thinks that their disorganization is part of their â€Å"creative genius† Let me stop you right there with a series of cold, hard facts about organization (which come from our latest marketing research report  (as of 2018): Fact #1 Marketers who document their strategies are 538% more successful than those who don’t (which means it’s not left to chance). Fact #2 Marketers who document their processes are 466% more successful than those who don’t (which means success is actually linked to getting organized). Fact #3 Marketers who set goals are 429% more successful than those who don’t (and goal setting doesn’t just happen by accident it takes an organized effort). ^^^Said another way, it’s proven that marketers who proactively organize are more successful than those who constantly fly by the seat of their pants. Getting organized is proven  to help marketers like you succeed. (And tbh that’s pretty sweet). So without further ado†¦ Let’s dive into a series of organizational tips that are going to help you organize your life, your desk (cough cough), and your workload so that you can be a successful (and hella organized) marketer. Organizational Tips Getting organized at work is more than just cleaning off your desktop and sorting files (even though that’s a great place to start) Getting organized at work should actually start with making sure certain aspects of your life are well-organized, too. So before we jump into how to get organized at work, let’s jump into 5 ways you can organize your life. Organized Life Tip #1: Get a good amount of sleep First things first to really feel organized, you need to make sure to always get a good amount of sleep. 😠´ It’s literally impossible to think  clearly when you’re running on a shortage of snoozin hours and WAY too much caffeine. It’s literally impossible to think  clearly when you’re running on a shortage of snoozin hoursTip #2: Rely on a planner Rely on a planner (digital or paper) to help you remember (and show up on time for) every meeting. Plus, writing down important dates + times actually a) makes it easier to remember (because you’ve taken the time to write it down) and b) lets your brain free up important space for idkactually executing a marketing strategy. ;) Tip # 3: Begin your day by knocking out small tasks Begin your day by knocking out small tasks (check your email, put away laundry, unload the dishwasher, etc). You not only get more organized in the process (bonus.) But accomplishing small tasks right away in the morning also means you’re being productive right away.  It’s a feeling of accomplishment that you can carry with you throughout the workday. Tip #4: Schedule regular breaks Managing your mental state at work is KEY to getting organized. You need to give your brain a chance to relax    otherwise you’re going to feel mega-burned out by 3pm (and making decisions when your brain is tired is never awesome). For best results, try to give yourself a break in the morning AND one in the afternoon (about 15 minutes each). Take a walk around the office, around the block, change up your environment by hitting up a coffee shop whatever works best for you and helps you feel refreshed when you get back. Tip #5: Pick up the phone or use chat Pick up the phone or use chat  to communicate with others. Direct communication means you *actually* get answers. Sending emails back and forth is no good for anyone (and usually just results in a cluttered email inbox). Whether you’re checking in on your mom or getting information about an upcoming project at work picking up the phone or sending a chat (Slack or Google Hangouts are great chat tools) makes sure your email inbox doesnt get overloaded (at least as quickly as usual)and you’ll usually get the answer you’re looking for MUCH faster. 👠 To recap: here’s a nice little graphic of the 5 tips you can use to organize your life: Onto the next phase of how to get organized at work†¦ An organized desk. ðŸâ€" ¥ Organized Desk Who doesn’t love a nice and clean desk (and desktop), am I right?. Here are TWO tips to help you maintain a clean, organized workspace.

Jeyes business 's generic and distinctive marketing strategies Case Study

Jeyes business 's generic and distinctive marketing strategies - Case Study Example The main research question to be speaking to in this reading is whether the chief executive officer (CEO) ought to unilaterally exercise strategic leadership on behalf of the whole organization or whether such leadership ought to be shared by one or more additional groups in the pecking order of management. The achievement of the strategic objectives fundamental strategic decisions is talented through the effectual practice of strategic leadership. In spite of the self-evident perceptual imprecision and cognitive limitations of strategic leaders, their imitation of the factors causal to or detracting from victorious outcomes of strategic choices are extremely important for the long-term feasibility of the organization (Wheelen, Thomas L. Hunger). The study fundamental this research is directed toward determine the truly important leadership factors that make a payment to the achievement of implemented strategic decisions as seen during the eyes of the chief executive officer (CEO). The exact focus is on strategic leadership at the height of the CEO. There are additional studies that are anxious with the CEO as a strategic leader. But, for the mainly part, these are not studies in which the CEO is the elite participant. This study is based on a learning of strategic leadership at the CEO level as apparent by the in office chief executives with a sight toward formative whether victorious strategic decisions ought to be made unilaterally or jointly at the uppermost levels of the business. Introduction The following report describes and analyses Jeyes business 's generic and distinctive marketing strategies, as well as providing accurate industry, competitor, market, and SWOT analysis'. Evaluation of Jeyes business 's marketing strategy is conducted, thus analyzing the strengths and weaknesses of the strategy. Lastly the report recommends probable future courses of actions obtainable to Jeyes business, in order to get better profits and stop mistakes in the future. It is important to emphasize that the study of International strategic planning methodology should not be limited to techniques alone. numerous books have been written on planning method over the years, but without firm basics in theory and/or empirical confirmation, very few have endured the examination of time. Accordingly, this quantity is a compendium of together theory and experiential proof that pertain especially to how firms ought to be managed deliberately. Thus, the application of strategic management hypothesis and experiential proof to preparation technique is the subject matter of strategic planning methodology, and this quantity which, we consider, is the first to attain such a nexus (Schuler, R. S., 2003, 419-459). Strategic development technique is, to strategic management theory, what automatic engineering is to hypothetical physics. More than just procedural guidelines, then, this research contains main beliefs of applied strategic management theory and experiential evidence that are either usually accepted or adequately verifiable to serve as bases for expert practice. mutually strategic management scholars and grave strategic planning practitioners who wish a total collection of typically accepted planning main beliefs ought to find this

Global warming Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 1

Global warming - Research Paper Example As stated, the temperature of the earth’s surface has been slowly but surely rising over the span of a few centuries. This increase in temperature, though assumed to have always been taking place, was first called to attention in the early 1800s. The first Industrial Revolution brought with it coal, railroads, and the cutting down of forests for various projects, all of which prompted the speeding up of greenhouse gas emissions (Weart, 2008). The second Industrial Revolution saw a similar change, and scientists began recording the slightest of changes to the earth’s temperature. However, in the past decade, it has been noted that this increase in temperature has only quickened with time. This is thought to be due to the advancement in technology that has allowed us to create more finite-dependable utilities. Due to global warming, various locations throughout the world are seeing changes to their weather and temperatures that they have never experienced before. While so me places are experiencing unfamiliar, and often unbearable, heat, other places are finding themselves bundling up in attempts to withstand the unusual and unseasonal chill. The greatest change in surface temperature can be found in Alaska and Greenland, where the Inuit tribes are discovering for the first time what it means to have a warm day in a land predominantly made of ice. Similarly, the weather conditions throughout the world have changed, bringing rain to places that are otherwise barren and dryer weather to locations that are more used to rain or snow. The cause of global warming takes place on earth, but the effects primarily take place in the atmosphere. When greenhouse gases, mainly carbon dioxide emissions from deforestation, become trapped in the earth, the greenhouse effect comes as a result. These gases would normally be able to escape from the earth, but when they are unable to they remain close enough to the surface to cause dramatic changes in temperature. Carbon dioxide is the most harmful of these gases as it stays in the atmosphere for an increased amount of time, often exceeding many hundreds of years (Archer, 2007). Even a small buildup of carbon dioxide can cause a significant increase in temperature. The more emissions we allow to enter our atmosphere, the more carbon dioxide that remains. This buildup leads to increased temperatures, and thus global warming. Effects of Global Warming Though global warming is being experienced throughout the world, the most noticeable and drastic changes can be seen in locations where ice caps are great in quantity. As the earth’s temperature increasingly becomes warmer, these ice caps, such as those found in the Arctic, begin to melt. Contrary to popular belief, ice caps melt starting at the bottom, gradually losing size to their bases and slowly moving up as the ice caps become smaller. Approximately eleven percent of all landmass is glacial ice (Houghton, 2009), so the water levels are grea tly effected by the melting ice caps. The ramifications of these melting ice caps may not be immediately noticeable, but as they continue to melt, the sea levels continue to rise, which bring forth further problems. As the sea levels rise, the oceans expand. To make room for all of this excess water, the oceans have no choice but to spill over onto our landmasses, which can result in horrific flooding throughout the world. Any landmass that borders the oceans will be effected by

Abuse and Child Development Essay -- Domestic Violence

Abuse and Child Development This paper will investigate the abuse of children and some of the ways which young children are affected developmentally. I will try and present an overview of the major types of abuse but my big focus and most of my research has been to cover sexual abuse and its effect on development in young children and how it can affect brain development. Child abuse is defined as the mistreatment of children or minors, resulting in a variety of harmful and damaging results with regard to the well being and safety of the victim. Child abuse can range in the details and circumstances in which the offence takes place; child abuse can take place in a direct physical fashion, which includes attack and physical assault however child abuse can take place verbally and psychologically also. Abuse includes physical, sexual, psychological, emotional, verbal, and neglect (medical and other). Physical abuse is physical force or violence that results in bodily injury, pain or impairment. It includes assault, battery and inappropriate restraint. In the U.S., state and local protective services investigated 3.6 million reports of child abuse or neglect in 2006. Of these, more than 900,000 children were identified as victims of child maltreatment. (Craig & Dunn, Ex.: 2010, p. 195) Parents are most likely to be perpetrators of child maltreatment: In 2006, 83% of victims were abused by a parent, either acting alone or with another person. Mothers are somewhat more likely than father to maltreat their children, in part because they spend more time with them. (Craig & Dunn, Ex.: 2010, p. 198) Physical abuse can have a number of long term effects. It can cause physical injury, brain damage, and may lead to emotional dev... ...le River, N.J. Developmental stages. Retrieved from http://doctorjung.org Effects of maltreatment on brain development. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.childwelfare.gov Effects of maltreatment on the brain. Retrieved from http://www.childwelfare.gov Effects on brain development [Educational report]. Retrieved from Yale psychiatric institute: http://www.lawandpsychiatry.com/html/hippocampus.htm Erickson’s third stage of development. Retrieved from http://www.ehow.com How does physical abuse impact a child? (2008). Retrieved from www.healthyplace.com Lamont, A. (2010). Effects of child abuse and neglect for children and adolescents [Family study]. Retrieved from Australian institute of family studies: www.aifs.gov.au Perry, M.D., Ph.D., B. D. (2002). Helping traumatized children [Issue Brief]. Retrieved from The child trauma academy: www.childtrauma.org

Birth Control and Abortion Essay

Other times of birth control which are a little bit more complexes are the IUD anther more percent type of birth control is getting there tubes tied. There are other things that women can do if they do become pregnant and they choose they do not want to have a child at this time in their life. There are pills they can take five days after they have sex which can be bought over the counter at any drug store, There are also abortion pills that can be taken up to your 6th week of pregnancy, and last but not least a women has the choice to terminate a pregnancy by getting an abortion. Abortion is a big issue in today’s times and it is also a topic that can make some feel one of many different types of emotions. Abortion can happen up until the 13 week of a pregnancy. Abortion is a permit solution in terminating a pregnancy it can also be damage a female in many different ways not only physically but mentally as well. Abortions are a way to terminate pregnancies but they should not be used as a type of birth control. There are many pros and cons of both situation and everyone women should look into their options Birth Control comes in many forms for both men and women. The most common for the two would be condoms and birth control pills. Women can also seek other methods like diaphragms, Depo-Provera shots, Norplant’s, Nuvarings, or even a birth control patch however; the most powerful form of birth control would be absence (Planned Parenthood Federation of America, 2007). All these methods are proven effective but may cause some side effects in some people. Birth Control Method| Common Side Effects| Depo-ProveraLess than 1 out of 100 women a year will become pregnant by taken the shot when directed. Cost: $35 – 75Injected into the arm and last for 3 months. * Irregular bleeding especially within the first year. * Change in sex drive. * Change in appetite or weight gain. * Headaches * Nausea * Sore breast| Norplant’s (Implants)Less than 1 out of 100 women a year may become pregnant. Cost: $400-800Inserted into the arm and last for 3yrs. | * Change in sex drive. * Irregular bleeding within 6 to 12 months. * Discoloring or scarri ng where the implant was placed. * Rarely, an infection in the implant location. * Sore breast * Weight gain| Birth Control PillsFew as 1 in 100 women will become pregnant in a year if they use the pill effectively. Cost: $15-50 per monthMust take pill every day at same time to be most effective. | * Bleeding between periods. * Breast tenderness. * Nausea and/or vomiting| Condoms 2 out of 100 women may still become pregnant after using a condom correctlyCost: $1 eachCan be used by men. This device also prevent against sexual transmitted diseases. Female condoms are also available. | * Most common complaint is people are allergic to the latex which condoms are made from. * Condoms do break which forms no protection. | These are just a few of the outlined cost and complications that have been associated with different forms of birth control. Although, many have a great success record absence is the only method that is truly 100% effective. However, if women and men both actively participate in using contraceptives then they may avoid STD’s (with the use of condoms), and unwanted or unplanned pregnancies. Abortion is a medical procedure for any expecting mother to elect to have about her own body. The procedure can be performed up until the mother is in her second trimester. When a child is in the first trimester they weigh on average a 1/2 ounce and estimated to be 3 inches long (Just mommies, 2003-2012). During the first trimester the child also has a heartbeat that can be heard with ultrasonic devices. When a mother reached her second trimester the child is still growing developing more specific features. By the end of the second trimester the child will have developed all major organs (Just mommies, 2003-2012). Many people consider the abortion procedure to be immoral and wrong because it involves taking the life of an unborn child who has already developing in the womb. Over 7% of women just their reason for seeking an abortion because they were a victim of rape or incest and health concerns for the mother or baby (M, 2012). Many women who opt for this procedure may find themselves suffering from guilt or depression afterwards resulting in a life altering experience. For individual who don’t want to have children they have different types of birth control that can to prevent pregnancy. Birth control can come in a pill, patch, shot, surgical, internal, or abstinence. Birth control is not only for women but men as well. Men can use condoms to help protect them from getting women pregnant as well as protect themselves from sexually transmitted diseases. Men can also have a vasectomy which can cause them not to be able to produce children at all. Women have a similar procedure but it is called a tubal litigation. This prevents the woman from producing an egg and being fertilized. Each form of birth control comes with some type of side effect and it is best that the individual chooses what is comfortable for them. The side effects can vary depending on the individual and how their body adapts to the medication. Some women like to look at abortion as a type of birth control. There are different types of abortion and also different types of birth control. With abortion the different methods are used at each different point in pregnancy and may be performed different each time also. There are the first trimester abortions which can be suction aspiration or dilation and curettage also known as D&C. the suction aspiration is the most common surgical methods that is used in the first trimester abortions, this is when the cervix is numbed and stretched open. It allows the abortionist to suck the baby’s body out with a knife like plastic tube. During the suction the lining of the uterus may be torn away. The D&C methods are somewhat similar to the suction. The instrument used for this procedure is called a curette (a loop shaped steel knife) which is used to scrape the wall of the uterus. During this procedure the baby and the uterus if cut up into pieces and then sucked out. An abortion can also be performed with a chemical implantation. Abortions can take place in each stage of pregnancy and is performed in different ways according to the size of the baby and what stage you are at in your pregnancy. For the second trimester there is a procedure that is used that is similar to the D&C and it is called the D&E or dilation and evacuation. With this procedure the woman is given some type of sedative and the abortionist is dilates the women and use instruments such as forceps to pull the baby to pieces. There is also a late second and third trimester abortions. During the late second and third trimester abortions the abortionist uses instillation techniques which is injects lethal chemicals into the amniotic fluid by an amniocentesis, intra cardiac injections which stop the unborn heart or hysterectomies which are identical to a cesarean section and is intended to harm the child. These are only a few of the abortion techniques that are used but more exists. Birth control and abortions can help with decision making when it comes to having or not having children. Some individuals look at abortions and are totally against it and other may use it as a form of birth control. Women start out as teenagers using birth control to prevent early pregnancy or pregnancy at all. Both of these methods come with side effects and it should be strictly the individual’s choice to use either one.