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The Contributions Of Descartes And Hume - 3394 Words

The contributions of Descartes and Hume towards the issue of establishing: the existence of God Introduction: Arguments for and against the existence of god have been proposed by philosophers, theologians, scientists and others for thousands of years. In Philosophy, these arguments involve primarily the disciplines of Epistemology and Ontology and can be categorized as metaphysical, logical, empirical, or subjective. The epistemic arguments place different restrictions on our ability have knowledge, some arguing for conditions that allow the possibility for one to have knowledge of God, and hence, prove his existence, others placing restrictions on our knowledge, hence arguing that it’s not possible to have knowledge of god therefore proving he cannot exist. The most prominent of these arguments for/against the existence of god can be separated into four types. Firstly, the ‘cosmological arguments’ which explain the existence of the universe in reference to a being on whom all else depends for it’s existence (Routledge, 2000, p.758). Secondly, there are the ‘teleological arguments’ also known as the ‘arguments from design’, that posit an intelligent creator/designer of the physical world. Third, the ‘ontological arguments’ which concentrate on the idea of a perfect being that it is illogical to deny that such a being exists (Routledge, 2000, p.758). Last are ‘moral arguments’ for the existence of god, which argue that- if God does not exist, objective moral values don’tShow MoreRelatedRene Descartes And Kant1013 Words   |  5 Pagesstudying, a common theme present amongst Renà © Descartes, David Hume, and Immanuel Kant is the fact that all three philosopher s challenged the traditional ways of thinking about philosophy respective to their eras. In certain aspects, all three of these philosophers also grappled with understanding, discovering, and logically explaining the power of the mind to shape whole truths. From Descartes’ foundational work with methodological doubt to Kant’s contribution to previous philosophical concepts such asRead MoreEssay about Rationalism and Empiricism1486 Words   |  6 Pagesphilosophers of epistemology are Rene Descartes and David Hume, the former being a rationalist, and the latter an empiricist. In this paper I will attempt to give an understanding of both rationalism and empiricism, show the ideas and contributions each of the men made to their respective schools, and hopefully give my personal reasoning why one is more true than the other. Rationalism was developed by several important philosophers all around the 17th century. Descartes, Spinoza, and Leibnitz are allRead MoreDavid Hume And Renee Descartes s Theories Of Knowledge And Ideas1356 Words   |  6 PagesPhilosophers David Hume and Renee Descartes have opposing views about the origination of ideas. Hume claims that all ideas are copies of impressions, which come from sensation. Descartes disagrees with this, arguing that in order to obtain knowledge, there must be a rational method for obtaining it, and that the senses are not a reliable source. This essay will present both philosopher’s arguments and compare and contrast each perspective regarding matters of knowledge and ideas. I will then argueRead MoreKant vs Aristotle1314 Words   |  6 Pagesexistence and the material world. Through these individual theories I will show how each fits into the category of either Rationalist or Imperialist. The Plutonian philosophers to be discussed will includ e Descartes, Spinoza, and Leibniz. And the Aristotelian philosophers will include Locke, Berkeley and Hume. Plato, a philosopher of the 17th century, contended that Opinion at its best is a matter of probability, and knowledge at its least is entirely sure (Lamprecht, 1955, p. 43) For Plato, knowledgeRead MoreEssay about Discuss How Psychology Developed as a Scientific Discipline1127 Words   |  5 Pagespsychology as a science is Renà © Descartes; a French philosopher and mathematician. Descartes was most influential in his recognition of the body and mind being two separate entities. Descartes differed from other philosophers in his proposal of dualism as he recognised that there is interaction between mind and matter, which was key in the development of psychology as a science as it lead to two principles in psychology: introspectionism and behaviourism. Whilst Descartes emphasised rationalism, JohnRead MoreHume and Knowledge Creation766 Words   |  3 PagesHume and knowledge creation The dominant work by Hume was his A Treatise of Human Nature, in this work he attempted to construct a science of man that contrasted with the ideas of Descartes and other enlightenment thinkers. The pillar of Humes divergence was anchoring knowledge in empiricism rather than rationality. Hume argued that desire instead of rationality was the foundation of human nature. This essential departure from his peers is important to understanding the work of Hume. In thisRead MoreThe Philosophers Who Contrubuted to the Development of Behaviorism891 Words   |  4 Pagesteacher of sorts. Descartes (1596-1650) was taken with Plato’s rationalism, as well as his views on dualism. The idea that the mind and body interacted with one another led to his own thoughts on how they might be structured, placing the body as subservient to the mind. This intern led Descartes to develop his famous declaration, â€Å"I think therefore I am.† This idea further propelled future thinkers to examine the separation of mind and body. Hobbes (1588-1679) rejected much of Descartes’ work, most especiallyRead MoreWhy Psychology Is Important For Mental Health Professionals2300 Words   |  10 Pageshoped that our contributions today will benefit the people of tomorrow. Contributions of Descartes, Locke and Hume to Psychology Rene Descartes Rene Descartes lived in the early 17th century near the end of the Renaissance era (Goodwin, 2015). According to Goodwin (2015), Descartes seemed to be more of a scientist than a philosopher in his younger years. He was not satisfied with accepting the unchallenged truth of others and he was committed to finding things out for himself. Descartes wrote his DiscourseRead MoreHistory of Modern Psychology Essay754 Words   |  4 Pagesat the present time. Many philosophers can be credited to the development of this science. Starting in the early 18th and 19th centuries philosophers such as Rene’ Descartes and John Locke opened the world of what we know as psychology today. The British empiricists also contributed to psychology. Some of these men include David Hume and David Hartley. Psychology has a long past, yet its real history is short. –Hermann Ebbinghaus 1908 Key Issues in Psychology’s History A psychologist/historianRead MoreModern Psychology : The Scientific Study Of Mind And Behaviour1637 Words   |  7 Pagesnext philosopher to make a contribution that would have an impact on the emergence of modern psychology was the French philosopher, mathematician and scientist, Rene Descartes. His contribution has seen him labelled by some as the founder of modern psychology (Prado, 2009). During the 17TH century under the encouragement of Descartes, one of the most influential rationalists of this period, interactions of the body and mind provoked multitudinous debates. Descartes accepted dualism, the metaphysical

Mexican Immigrant Life and Americanization in the 1920’s Free Essays

In his book, Major Problems in Mexican American History, Zaragosa Vargas describes the Mexican Immigrant experience from 1917-1928. He begins by assessing the Protestant religious experience for a Mexican in the early 1920’s, and then describes Mexican life in both Colorado in 1924 and Chicago in 1928. After defending Mexican Immigrants in 1929, he includes an outline of an Americanization program, followed by an anecdote of a Mexican immigrant in the 1920’s. We will write a custom essay sample on Mexican Immigrant Life and Americanization in the 1920’s or any similar topic only for you Order Now Vargas uses these documents to show the evolvement of Americanization of Mexicans from a community goal to a societal demand. Vargas begins with the Mexican Immigrant experience in the early 1920’s, and describes it mostly as a community project spearheaded by the Church and called for the aid of volunteers. The children learned and studied English in school, so the programs focused mostly on courses in English for the wives and mothers of the community. These English courses consisted mostly of vocabulary for familiar and most frequently seen objects. Sunday schools resulted from this process, and in turn made way for the development of night schools, clinics, an employment bureau, and a boys and girl’s club. In Colorado in 1924, Mexicans played a respectable role in society as not only a decent part of the population, but also the labor force. Spanish-Americans took a notable part in politics, and were involved in many occupations that included mostly agriculture, mining, and steel works. The recreation was also important to Spanish-American life in Colorado; the somewhat newly developed buildings were a source of community for many. Mexicans in Chicago in 1928, Vargas argues, lived a very different lifestyle and endured different hardships than the Mexicans in the Southwest. They were a much smaller part of the community, consisting of small, well-defined neighborhoods and several smaller less defined colonies. These Mexicans lived in the poorest houses in these neighborhoods, and most buildings guaranteed poor living conditions for these families. Employment only came certain times during the year when demand for labor was high, and it was the Mexicans who suffered most when certain industries reduced labor. In the words of Anita Edgar Jones, â€Å"They are the last to arrive and the first to be laid off† (Vargas). Mexican Life in Chicago during this time period served as a temporary solution for many families as they moved from recent arrivals to a more desirable place with better opportunity as they became more established and stabilized. Some neighborhoods were poorly organized for recreation, and even lacked Spanish-speaking employees at their community or recreation centers. Communities also lacked a Spanish-speaking priest, which is evidently different from early Americanization programs implemented in the Southwest in the early 1920’s. After addressing and defending most of the problems of Mexican Immigration in 1929, Vargas moves on to an outline of a typical Americanization program in 1931, where the Mexican Immigrant experience evolved from a community project that supported and encouraged Mexican assimilation, to a list of demands and requirements for Mexican and Spanish Americans to be acceptable members of society. Vargas uses these documents to show the progression of assimilation of Spanish Americans and Mexican immigrants into American society in the 1920’s. The life of a Mexican Immigrant during this time was very taxing, and these Americanization programs were used as a tool to attempt to create a society that operated under certain ideologies and values. As a result, this created an even stronger division between cultures, and prevented assimilation of the two groups. How to cite Mexican Immigrant Life and Americanization in the 1920’s, Essay examples

Achieving the Potential of Health Care Performance Measures

Question: Discuss about Achieving The Potential of Health Care Performance Measures? Answer: The nursing industry is readily evolving at a rapid pace. It is one of the highest populated fields in the healthcare sector. Millions of people are employed in the area of nursing. The evolution of medical science calls for a change in the infrastructure of nursing. Traditionally speaking, the nursing industry has always been limited to the presently prevailing demand and supply rate. The field follows a reductionist approach as opposed to a holistic approach (Naim, 2014). According to the Wolf report in 2003, the requirements of the present work are unforeseen. Significant changes are waiting for approval from administrative bodies. The evolving factors are challenging the practitioners, educators as well as learners. To identify the issues and resolve them this report discusses the evolutionary work of the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation Committee Initiative on the Future of Nursing and the Institute of Medicine research that led to the IOM report, Future of Nursing: Leading Change , Advancing Health. (Berenson et al., 2013) Discussion of Robert Wood Johnson Foundation Committee Initiative In 2008, a collaborative approach was initiated by the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation Committee and the Institute of Medicine (Hickey et al., 2014). This method focused on assessing and responding to the need for transformation in the field of nursing. The field is failing to meet the set benchmark for the futuristic approach. Nurses are capable of generating a widespread transformation in the industry by supporting futuristic practice patterns, but they are held back by several regulatory barriers. This initiative aims to identify the barriers and propose recommendations to fix them. The report discusses the importance of elevating the scope of education and training in nursing. The educational approaches towards nursing are varied. To attain the license, students can take any approach that suits their educational structure. The idea is to raise the bar in education and training to ensure that each nurse coming out of the program is equipped enough to handle tough situations that may require deeper involvement. To ensure a balanced medical environment, there should be a partnership between the nurses, the medical practitioners, and the staff. To ensure equal partnership stabilizing the workforce is of utmost importance but that requires functional workforce planning and policy making. This, in turn, requires accumulation of quantifiable data regarding the currently employed workforce (Hoyle Johnson, 2015). State-based action coalition State-based action coalition can help in implementing the recommendations suggested in the report submitted by the collaborated association of the committee and the IOM (Cramer et al., 2013). The newly suggested coalition points join hands with the pre-existing coalitions to form a strong basic infrastructure. Every state is coming up with new plans to implement the coalition points. The state-based action coalition programs are focused on the particular states looking to follow up on the recommendations. The action coalitions are the driving force in the state-based implementation of the recommendations. A diverse group of stakeholders is included in the approach to amass the best practices, identify the research needs, track the lessons learned and replicate functionally supreme models (campaignforaction.org, 2016). Alabamas progress report In the field of nursing education Alabama has made progress in the right direction. Many initiatives have been taken to ensure high quality education in health care services. The aim is to increase the number of highly educated nurses in the medical sector. Leadership qualities are necessary for nursing, but this is something that is highly underrepresented in the industry. Alabama has recognized the need to communicate the value of leadership to the community and is acting to develop competencies in the industry and identify the available opportunities. The state has recognized the need for enhanced nursing practice and developed strategic partnerships to help the same. The goal of the state is to increase the population's access to high quality cost-effective care, and Alabama is creating proactive, collaborative plans to ensure the same. Including diverse forces of nursing is not the norm in Alabama but the state is utilizing the recommendations of the initiative to create a diver se workforce. Professional data repository has been identified as a requirement, and the state is adapting to implement the required ideas (campaignforaction.org, 2016). Two initiatives of Alabama Two remarkable initiatives of Alabama can be viewed in Capstone College of Nursing at the University of Alabama and Alabama Nurse Leaders in Education and Practice. In the first instance, the focus is on improving the educational aspect. The 80 by 20 task force brings together community college and University nursing leaders to overcome educational hurdles in degree programs. The ANLEP provides expert guidelines, mission and vision principles as well as priorities to create a leadership base that is robust and functionally high on expertise level. While the first initiative helps build a strong educational base which can help bring the nursing field to the futuristic forefront, the second initiative looks to create high-end leadership goals for the future nurse and healthcare staff to follow (Giger, 2014). Problems and their solutions In Alabama as in the other states of the US, the structure of the nursing industry is disorganized and could use some reforms. The recommendations of Robert Wood Johnson Foundation Committee Initiative facilitate the identification of the issues and resolving them with the help of the guidance of the recommendations. The leadership structure is not present in Alabama, and the educational structure is not as strong as is required. Partnership as well is not encouraged. But with the implementation of the recommendations, the scenario is becoming better each day and the state is becoming the primary choice for nursing professionals (Hamric et al., 2013). Conclusion The nursing industry is lacking in proper infrastructure and functionality in Alabama and all the other USA states. With the help of the recommendations from the collaborated efforts of Robert Wood Johnson Foundation Committee and IOM, the states are changing their medical infrastructure. Levels of education and training are improving along with partnership options. Workforce planning and reconstruction of the inherent policies are becoming commonplace in the nursing industry. Aided by the recommendations, the states are on the way of improving the ancient sector of healthcare. The future of nursing is fast approaching, and the states are readying themselves handle the change in the scenario. Reference Berenson, r. A., pronovost, p. J., krumholz, h. M. (2013). Achieving The Potential Of Health Care Performance Measures: the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation. Campaignforaction.org,. (2016).Future of Nursing | Campaign for Action. Retrieved 3 March 2016, from https://campaignforaction.org/ Cramer, M. E., Lazure, L., Morris, K. J., Valerio, M., Morris, R. (2013). Conceptual models to guide best practices in organization and development of State Action Coalitions.Nursing outlook,61(2), 70-77. Giger, J. N. (2014).Transcultural nursing: Assessment and intervention. Elsevier Health Sciences. Hamric, A. B., Hanson, C. M., Tracy, M. F., O'Grady, E. T. (2013).Advanced practice nursing: An integrative approach. Elsevier Health Sciences. Hickey, K. T., Hodges, E. A., Thomas, T. L., Coffman, M. J., Taylor-Piliae, R. E., Johnson-Mallard, V. M., ... Gates, M. G. (2014). Initial evaluation of the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation Nurse Faculty Scholars program.Nursing outlook,62(6), 394-401. Hoyle, C., Johnson, G. (2015). Building skills in organizational and systems changes: A DNP-FNP clinical curriculum.The Nurse Practitioner,40(4), 14-23. Nairn, S. (2014). Nursing and the new biology: towards a realist, antià ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ reductionist approach to nursing knowledge.Nursing Philosophy,15(4), 261-273.