tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-77760550389118148202023-11-15T09:24:48.612-08:00Essay writing on environmentCollege Paper Topic For Kids Llalabies ?Abraham Mohrhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04826403973464524250noreply@blogger.comBlogger36125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7776055038911814820.post-9090026388131803942020-08-23T02:10:00.001-07:002020-08-23T02:10:09.267-07:00Writing an excellent outcome Essay Example for Free Abraham Mohrhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04826403973464524250noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7776055038911814820.post-27318390434750545762020-08-21T23:52:00.001-07:002020-08-21T23:52:27.968-07:00Profile of Filmmaker Errol Morris essaysProfile of Filmmaker Errol Morris papers Dallas cop, Robert Wood, was shot multiple times and killed subsequent to pulling over a vehicle for a minor petty criminal offense. Randall Dale Adams was captured, indicted and condemned to death for the wrongdoing. Adams argue not liable to the charges. He guaranteed multi year old David Harris, whom he had gone through a few hours with upon the arrival of the wrongdoing, was the genuine executioner. In Mark Singer's Profile of Filmmaker Errol Morris, Singer depicts Randall Adams case as it was depicted in the film The Thin Blue Line. Artist contends that Morris made the film to demonstrate Adams blamelessness and represent that Adams had gotten anything other than a reasonable preliminary. Singer, a creator for The New Yorker Magazine, checked out the case since he, just as Morris, trusted Adams was guiltless and merited another and reasonable preliminary. The indictment won the body of evidence against Adams for three significant reasons: David Harris' declaration, Prosecutor Douglas Mulder's unmistakable quality, assurance, and the arraignments three key observers, Emily Miller, Robert Miller, and Michael Randell. After the finish of the preliminary Adams kept up his blamelessness and movie producer, Errol Morris met with David Harris and started to have questions about Adams blame. Morris researched the case further and found it was unreasonable on established grounds and Adams was in truth guiltless. Morris made a film entitled The Thin Blue Line, which was a depiction of the real occasions in the Adams manslaughter case. Morris planned to delineate thirteen purposes of outlandish indictment. There were four unmitigated demonstrations of prevarication or inside and out shamefulness in Adams first preliminary. Judge Metcalf would not allow the utilization David Harris' broad past criminal record, remembering pending charges for another province as proof. This left Adams in the liable seat even before the preliminary started. Examiner Mulder requested a blameworthy decision with a capital punishment s ... <! Abraham Mohrhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04826403973464524250noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7776055038911814820.post-6900543992487291462020-07-14T14:45:00.001-07:002020-07-14T14:45:04.834-07:00100 Of The Best Travel Books That Will Give You Serious Wanderlust100 Of The Best Travel Books That Will Give You Serious Wanderlust Real travel is awesome when we can manage it, but sometimes we just have to travel from our armchairs, right? When armchair travel is the most we can do, its good to have many reading options from which to choose. So I put together a list of 100 of the best travel books that will take you around the world without requiring any more effort than lifting your hand to turn the pages. I did my best to organize these by geographical region, although sometimes thats tricky since there are many ways to divide up the regions of the world. And I had to include a large category of various locations since some travel books really do take you everywhere. Within the geographical region, the books are organized chronologically. I hope you will find some books on this list that pique your interest and can help you find adventures from the safety of your own home. Or maybe they will inspire you to go on a journey, or prepare you for an upcoming trip. Maybe you will read one of these on an airplane. Whatever the case, if travel is something that interests you, I hope this list helps you find new books to love. Best Travel Books Set In Europe Mary Wollstonecraft, Letters Written During a Short Residence in Sweden, Norway, and Denmark (1796) Originally published in 1796, Mary Wollstonecrafts account of her trip to Denmark, Norway, and Sweden, is compelling both in its picture of countries rarely visited in Regency times and insights into Marys personal life. Robert Louis Stevenson, Travels with a Donkey in the Cévennes (1879) Ever hopeful of encountering the adventure he yearned for and raising much needed finance at the start of his writing career, Stevenson embarked on the120 mile, 12 day trek and recorded his experiences in this journal. Edith Wharton, A Motor-Flight Through France (1908) Shedding the turn-of-the-century social confines she felt existed for women in America, Edith Wharton set out in the newly invented motor-car to explore the cities and countryside of France. D.H. Lawrence, Sea and Sardinia (1921) Written after the First World War when he was living in Sicily, Sea and Sardinia records Lawrences journey to Sardinia and back in January 1921. It reveals his response to a new landscape and people and his ability to transmute the spirit of place into literary art. George Orwell, Down and Out in Paris and London (1933) This unusual fictional account in good part autobiographical narrates without self-pity and often with humor the adventures of a penniless British writer among the down-and-out of two great cities. Rebecca West, Black Lamb and Grey Falcon (1941) Written on the brink of World War II, Rebecca Wests classic examination of the history, people, and politics of Yugoslavia illuminates a region that is still a focus of international concern. Mary McCarthy, The Stones of Florence (1956) Mary McCarthy offers a unique history of Florence, from its inception to the dominant role it came to play in the world of art, architecture, and Italian culture, that captures the brilliant Florentine spirit and revisits the legendary figures Dante, Michelangelo, Machiavelli, and others who exemplify it so iconically. Jan Morris, The World of Venice (1960) Often hailed as one of the best travel books ever written, Venice is neither a guide nor a history book, but a beautifully written immersion in Venetian life and character, set against the background of the citys past. Patrick Leigh Fermor, A Time of Gifts (1977) In 1933, at the age of 18, Patrick Leigh Fermor set out on an extraordinary journey by foot from the Hook of Holland to Constantinople. A Time of Gifts is the first volume in a trilogy recounting the trip, and takes the reader with him as far as Hungary. Tété-Michel Kpomassie, An African in Greenland (1981) Tété-Michel Kpomassie was a teenager in Togo when he discovered a book about Greenlandâ"and knew that he must go there. Working his way north over nearly a decade, Kpomassie finally arrived in the country of his dreams. Peter Mayle, A Year in Provence (1989) In this witty and warm-hearted account, Peter Mayle tells what it is like to realize a long-cherished dream and actually move into a 200-year-old stone farmhouse in the remote country of the Lubéron with his wife and two large dogs. Frances Mayes, Under the Tuscan Sun (1996) Frances Mayesâ"widely published poet, gourmet cook, and travel writerâ"opens the door to a wondrous new world when she buys and restores an abandoned villa in the spectacular Tuscan countryside. Adam Gopnik, Paris to the Moon (2000) Paris. The name alone conjures images of chestnut-lined boulevards, sidewalk cafés, breathtaking façades around every cornerin short, an exquisite romanticism that has captured the American imagination for as long as there have been Americans. Lori Tharps, Kinky Gazpacho: Life, Love Spain (2008) Magazine writer and editor Lori Tharps was born and raised in the comfortable but mostly White suburbs of Milwaukee, Wisconsin, where she was often the only person of color in her school and neighborhood. At an early age, Lori decided that her destiny would be discovered in Spain. Sue Monk Kidd and Ann Kidd Taylor, Traveling with Pomegranates: A Mother-Daughter Story (2009) Between 1998 and 2000, Sue and Ann travel throughout Greece and France. Sue, coming to grips with aging, caught in a creative vacuum, longing to reconnect with her grown daughter, struggles to enlarge a vision of swarming bees into a novel. Ann, just graduated from college, heartbroken and benumbed by the classic question about what to do with her life, grapples with a painful depression. André Aciman, Alibis: Essays on Elsewhere (2011) From beautiful and moving pieces about the memory evoked by the scent of lavender; to meditations on cities like Barcelona, Rome, Paris, and New York; to his sheer ability to unearth life secrets from an ordinary street corner, Alibis reminds the reader that Aciman is a master of the personal essay. Sarah Moss, Names for the Sea: Strangers in Iceland (2012) Novelist Sarah Moss had a childhood dream of moving to Iceland, sustained by a wild summer there when she was nineteen. In 2009, she saw an advertisement for a job at the University of Iceland and applied on a whim, despite having two young children and a comfortable life in an English cathedral city. Robert Macfarlane, The Old Ways: A Journey on Foot (2012) In this exquisitely written book, Robert Macfarlane sets off from his Cambridge, England, home to follow the ancient tracks, holloways, drove roads, and sea paths that crisscross both the British landscape and its waters and territories beyond. Best Travel Books Set In Latin America Zora Neale Hurston, Tell My Horse: Voodoo and Life in Haiti and Jamaica (1938) Based on Zora Neale Hurstonâs personal experience in Haiti and Jamaica, where she participated as an initiate rather than just an observer of voodoo practices during her visits in the 1930s, this travelogue into a dark world paints a vividly authentic picture of ceremonies and customs and superstitions of great cultural interest. Sybille Bedford, A Visit to Don Otavio (1953) In the mid-1940s, Sybille Bedford set off from Grand Central Station for Mexico, accompanied by her friend E., a hamper of food and drink (Virginia ham, cherries, watercress, a flute of bread, Portuguese rosé), books, a writing board, and paper. Her resulting travelogue captures the rich and violent beauty of the country as it was then. V.S. Naipaul, The Middle Passage, (1962) In 1960 the government of Trinidad invited V. S. Naipaul to revisit his native country and record his impressions. In this classic of modern travel writing he has created a deft and remarkably prescient portrait of Trinidad and four adjacent Caribbean societiesâ"countries haunted by the legacies of slavery and colonialism. Bruce Chatwin, In Patagonia (1977) An exhilarating look at a place that still retains the exotic mystery of a far-off, unseen land, Bruce Chatwinâs exquisite account of his journey through Patagonia teems with evocative descriptions, remarkable bits of history, and unforgettable anecdotes. Paul Theroux, The Old Patagonian Express: By Train Through the Americas (1979) Beginning his journey in Boston, where he boarded the subway commuter train, and catching trains of all kinds on the way, Paul Theroux tells of his voyage from ice-bound Massachusetts and Illinois to the arid plateau of Argentinas most southerly tip. Salman Rushdie, The Jaguar Smile: A Nicaraguan Journey (1987) In this brilliantly focused and haunting portrait of the people, the politics, the land, and the poetry of Nicaragua, Salman Rushdie brings to the forefront the palpable human facts of a country in the midst of a revolution. Mary Morris, Nothing to Declare: Memoirs of a Woman Traveling Alone (1987) Traveling from the highland desert of northern Mexico to the steaming jungles of Honduras, from the seashore of the Caribbean to the exquisite highlands of Guatemala, Mary Morris, a celebrated writer of both fiction and nonfiction, confronts the realities of place, poverty, machismo, and selfhood. Jamaica Kincaid, A Small Place (1988) Lyrical, sardonic, and forthright, A Small Place magnifies our vision of one small place with Swiftian wit and precision. Jamaica Kincaids expansive essay candidly appraises the ten-by-twelve-mile island in the British West Indies where she grew up, and makes palpable the impact of European colonization and tourism. Isabel Allende, My Invented Country: A Nostalgic Journey Through Chile (2003) Isabel Allende evokes the magnificent landscapes of her country; a charming, idiosyncratic Chilean people with a violent history and an indomitable spirit, and the politics, religion, myth, and magic of her homeland that she carries with her even today. Best Travel Books Set In North America Olaudah Equiano, The Interesting Narrative of the Life of Olaudah Equiano (1789) Widely admired for its vivid accounts of the slave trade, Olaudah Equianos autobiography the first slave narrative to attract a significant readership reveals many aspects of the eighteenth-century Western world through the experiences of one individual. Isabella Bird, A Ladys Life in the Rocky Mountains (1879) Bird was born in 1831 in Cheshire, England, and became one of a distinguished group of female travellers famous in the nineteenth centurya time when it was considered that a ladys place should be confined to the home. Isabella travelled and explored the world extensively and became a notable writer and natural historian. John Steinbeck, Travels with Charley in Search of America (1962) In September 1960, John Steinbeck embarked on a journey across America. He felt that he might have lost touch with the country, with its speech, the smell of its grass and trees, its color and quality of light, the pulse of its people. Edward Abbey, Desert Solitaire (1968) This is a rare view of a quest to experience nature in its purest form the silence, the struggle, the overwhelming beauty. But this is also the gripping, anguished cry of a man of character who challenges the growing exploitation of the wilderness by oil and mining interests, as well as by the tourist industry. Robert Pirsig, Zen and the Art of Motorcycle Maintenance: An Inquiry into Values (1974) A narration of a summer motorcycle trip undertaken by a father and his son, the book becomes a personal and philosophical odyssey into fundamental questions of how to live. Edmund White, States of Desire: Travels in Gay America (1980) In this city-by-city description of the way homosexual men lived in the late seventies, Edmund White gives us a picture of Gay America that will surprise gay and straight readers alike. William Least Heat-Moon, Blue Highways: A Journey into America (1982) William Least Heat-Moon set out with little more than the need to put home behind him and a sense of curiosity His adventures, his discoveries, and his recollections of the extraordinary people he encountered along the way amount to a revelation of the true American experience. Gretel Ehrlich, The Solace of Open Spaces (1984) Poet and filmmaker Gretel Ehrlich went to Wyoming in 1975 to make the first in a series of documentaries when her partner died. Ehrlich stayed on and found she couldnât leave. The Solace of Open Spaces is a chronicle of her first years on âthe planet of Wyoming,â a personal journey into a place, a feeling, and a way of life. Jonathan Raban, Bad Land: An American Romance (1985) In towns named Terry, Calypso, and Ismay (which changed its name to Joe, Montana, in an effort to attract football fans), and in the landscape in between, Raban unearths a vanished episode of American history, with its own ruins, its own heroes and heroines, its own hopeful myths and bitter memories. Jon Krakauer, Into the Wild (1996) In April 1992 a young man from a well-to-do family hitchhiked to Alaska and walked alone into the wilderness north of Mt. McKinley. His name was Christopher Johnson McCandless. He had given $25,000 in savings to charity, abandoned his car and most of his possessions, burned all the cash in his wallet, and invented a new life for himself. Jenny Diski, Stranger on a Train: Daydreaming and Smoking Around America with Interruptions (2002) Using two cross-country trips on Amtrak as her narrative vehicles, British writer Jenny Diski connects the humming rails, taking her into the heart of America with the track-like scars leading back to her own past. Rebecca Solnit, A Field Guide to Getting Lost (2005) A Field Guide to Getting Lost draws on emblematic moments and relationships in Solnits own life to explore the issues of wandering, being lost, and the uses of the unknown. The result is a distinctive, stimulating, and poignant voyage of discovery. Sarah Vowell, Assassination Vacation (2005) With Assassination Vacation, [Vowell] takes us on a road trip like no otherâ"a journey to the pit stops of American political murder and through the myriad ways they have been used for fun and profit, for political and cultural advantage. Cheryl Strayed, Wild: From Lost to Found on the Pacific Crest Trail (2012) At twenty-two, Cheryl Strayed thought she had lost everything. In the wake of her motherâs death, her family scattered and her own marriage was soon destroyed. Four years later, with nothing more to lose, she made the most impulsive decision of her life. Suzanne Roberts, Almost Somewhere: Twenty-Eight Days on the John Muir Trail (2012) It was 1993, Suzanne Roberts had just finished college, and when her friend suggested they hike Californiaâs John Muir Trail, the adventure sounded like the perfect distraction from a difficult home life and thoughts about the future. But she never imagined that the twenty-eight-day hike would change her life. Gloria Steinem, My Life on the Road (2015) Gloria Steinemâ"writer, activist, organizer, and one of the most inspiring leaders in the worldâ"now tells a story she has never told before, a candid account of how her early years led her to live an on-the-road kind of life, traveling, listening to people, learning, and creating change. Best Travel Books Set In Asia Matsuo Basho, The Narrow Road to the Deep North (1689) In later life Basho turned to Zen Buddhism, and the travel sketched in this volume reflect his attempts to cast off earthly attachments and reach out to spiritual fulfillment. The sketches are written in the haibun stylea linking of verse and prose. Alexandra David-Néel, My Journey to Lhasa (1927) In order to penetrate Tibet and reach Lhasa, she used her fluency of Tibetan dialects and culture, disguised herself as a beggar with yak hair extensions and inked skin and tackled some of the roughest terrain and climate in the World. Eric Newby, A Short Walk in the Hindu Kush (1958) No mountaineer, Newby set out with a friend to explore the formidable peaks of the Nuristan Mountains in northeast Afghanistan. His witty, unorthodox report is packed with incidents both ghastly and ecstatic as he takes us where few Western feet have trod. Peter Matthiessen, The Snow Leopard (1978) When Matthiessen went to Nepal to study the Himalayan blue sheep and, possibly, to glimpse the rare and beautiful snow leopard, he undertook his five-week trek as winter snows were sweeping into the high passes. This is a radiant and deeply moving account of a true pilgrimage, a journey of the heart.' Michael Ondaatje, Running in the Family (1982) In the late 1970s Ondaatje returned to his native island of Sri Lanka. As he records his journey through the drug-like heat and intoxicating fragrances of that pendant off the ear of India, Ondaatje simultaneously retraces the baroque mythology of his Dutch-Ceylonese family. Vikram Seth, From Heaven Lake: Travels Through Sinkian and Tibet (1983) After two years as a postgraduate student at Nanjing University in China, Vikram Seth hitch-hiked back to his home in New Delhi, via Tibet. From Heaven Lake is the story of his remarkable journey and his encounters with nomadic Muslims, Chinese officials, Buddhists and others. Christina Dodwell, Traveller in China (1985) Christina Dodwell s wanderlust, combined with her inventive and unorthodox methods of travel and her unquenchable curiosity about people, make her the ideal guide to the remoter parts of Chinas vast territory. Pico Iyer, Video Night in Kathmandu (1988) Why did Dire Straits blast out over Hiroshima, Bruce Springsteen over Bali and Madonna over all? The author was eager to learn where East meets West, how pop culture and imperialism penetrated through the worlds most ancient civilisations. Then, the truths he began to uncover were more startling, subtle, and more complex than he ever anticipated. Pankaj Mishra, Butter Chicken in Ludhiana: Travels in Small Town India (1995) From a convent-educated beauty pageant aspirant to small shopkeepers planning their vacation in London, Pankaj Mishra paints a vivid picture of a people rushing headlong to their tryst with modernity. Andrew Pham, Catfish and Mandala: A Two-Wheeled Voyage Through the Landscape and Memory of Vietnam (1999) Catfish and Mandala is the story of an American odysseyâ"a solo bicycle voyage around the Pacific Rim to Vietnamâ"made by a young Vietnamese-American man in pursuit of both his adopted homeland and his forsaken fatherland. Ma Jian, Red Dust: A Path Through China (2001) In 1983, at the age of thirty, dissident artist Ma Jian finds himself divorced by his wife, separated from his daughter, betrayed by his girlfriend, facing arrest for Spiritual Pollution, and severely disillusioned with the confines of life in Beijing. So with little more than a change of clothes and two bars of soap, Ma takes off to immerse himself in the remotest parts of China. Suketu Mehta, Maximum City: Bombay Lost and Found (2004) The book combines elements of memoir, travel writing as well as socio-political analysis of the history and people of Mumbai. Mehta writes as a person who is at one level outsider to this magnificent city and on the other hand is the one who is born here and has lived his childhood in the city then known as Bombay. Faith Adiele, Meeting Faith: The Forest Journals of a Black Buddhist Nun (2004) Reluctantly leaving behind Pop Tarts and pop culture to battle flying rats, hissing cobras, forest fires, and decomposing corpses, Faith Adiele shows readers in this personal narrative, with accompanying journal entries, that the path to faith is full of conflicts for even the most devout. Barbara Demick, Nothing to Envy: Ordinary Lives in North Korea (2009) Award-winning journalist Barbara Demick follows the lives of six North Korean citizens over fifteen yearsa chaotic period that saw the death of Kim Il-sung, the rise to power of his son Kim Jong-il, and a devastating famine that killed one-fifth of the population. Katherine Boo, Behind the Beautiful Forevers (2012) In this brilliant, breathtaking book by Pulitzer Prize winner Katherine Boo, a bewildering age of global change and inequality is made human through the dramatic story of families striving toward a better life in Annawadi, a makeshift settlement in the shadow of luxury hotels near the Mumbai airport. Best Travel Books Set In Africa Mary Kingsley, Travels in West Africa (1897) Upon her sudden freedom from family obligations, a sheltered Victorian spinster traded her stifling middle-class existence for an incredible expedition in the Congo. Beryl Markham, West with the Night (1942) [Markhams] successes and her failuresâ"and her deep, lifelong love of the soul of Africaâ"are all chronicled here with wrenching honesty and agile wit. Hailed by National Geographic as one of the greatest adventure books of all time, West with the Night is the sweeping account of a fearless and dedicated woman. Maya Angelou, All Gods Children Need Traveling Shoes (1986) Once again, the poet casts her spell as she resumes one of the greatest personal narratives of our time. In this continuation, Angelou relates how she joins a colony of Black American expatriates in Ghanaonly to discover no one ever goes home again. Eddy L. Harris, Native Stranger: A Black Americans Journey into the Heart of Africa (1992) Recounting his journey into the heart of Africa, an African American describes his encounters with beggars and bureaucrats, his visit to Soweto, a night in a Liberian jail cell, and more. Philip Gourevitch, We Wish to Inform You That Tomorrow We Will Be Killed with Our Families (1998) Philip Gourevitchs haunting work is an anatomy of the killings in Rwanda, a vivid history of the genocides background, and an unforgettable account of what it means to survive in its aftermath. Colleen McElroy, Over the Lip of the World: Among the Storytellers of Madagascar (1999) McElroys tale of an African American womans travels among the people of Madagascar is told with wit, insight, and humor. Throughout it she interweaves English translations of Malagasy stories of heroism and morality, royalty and commoners, love and revenge, and the magic of tricksters and shapechangers. Charlayne Hunter-Gault, New News Out of Africa: Uncovering Africas Renaissance (2006) In New News Out of Africa, this eminent reporter offers a fresh and surprisingly optimistic assessment of modern Africa, revealing that there is more to the continent than the bad news of disease, disaster, and despair. Noo Saro-Wiwa, Looking for Transwonderland: Travels in Nigeria (2012) She finds [Nigeria] as exasperating as ever, and frequently despairs at the corruption and inefficiency she encounters. But she also discovers that it is far more beautiful and varied than she had ever imagined, with its captivating thick tropical rainforest and ancient palaces and monuments. Best Travel Books Set In The South Pacific Robyn Davidson, Tracks: A Womans Solo Trek Across 1700 Miles of Australian Outback (1980) Robyn Davidsons opens the memoir of her perilous journey across 1,700 miles of hostile Australian desert to the sea with only four camels and a dog for company with the following words: I experienced that sinking feeling you get when you know you have conned yourself into doing something difficult and theres no going back.' Dea Birkett, Serpent in Paradise (1997) Acclaimed British travel writer and journalist Dea Birkett, obsessed like many with the islands image as a secluded Eden and its connection to the mysterious and intriguing Bounty legend, traveled across the Pacific on a cargo ship and became one of the very few outsiders permitted to land on Pitcairn. Bill Bryson, In a Sunburned Country (2000) Despite the fact that Australia harbors more things that can kill you in extremely nasty ways than anywhere else, including sharks, crocodiles, snakes, even riptides and deserts, Bill Bryson adores the place, and he takes his readers on a rollicking ride far beyond that beaten tourist path. Kira Salak, Four Corners: A Journey into the Heart of Papua, New Guinea (2001) Traveling by dugout canoe and on foot, confronting the dangers and wonders of a largely untouched world, [Salak] became the first woman to traverse this remote country and write about it. Best Travel Books Set In The Middle East/North Africa Mary Wortley Montagu, The Turkish Embassy Letters (1716) Her lively letters offer insights into the paradoxical freedoms conferred on Muslim women by the veil, the value of experimental work by Turkish doctors on inoculation, and the beauty of Arab poetry and culture. Robert Byron, The Road to Oxiana (1937) In 1933 the delightfully eccentric Robert Byron set out on a journey through the Middle East via Beirut, Jerusalem, Baghdad and Teheran to Oxiana -the country of the Oxus, the ancient name for the river Amu Darya which forms part of the border between Afghanistan and the Soviet Union. Isabelle Eberhardt, The Nomad: The Diaries of Isabelle Eberhardt (1987, written in late 19th century) Eberhardts journal chronicles the daring adventures of a late 19th- century European woman who traveled the Sahara desert disguised as an Arab man and adopted Islam. Sara Suleri, Meatless Days (1989) In this finely wrought memoir of life in postcolonial Pakistan, Suleri intertwines the violent history of Pakistans independence with her own most intimate memoriesâ"of her Welsh mother; of her Pakistani father, prominent political journalist Z.A. Suleri; of her tenacious grandmother Dadi and five siblings; and of her own passage to the West. Amitav Ghosh, In an Antique Land: History in the Guise of a Travelers Tale (1993) Interspersing his quest with accounts of his stay in Masr and the people he met, Ghosh weaves together a narrative packed with exuberant detail, exposing ties that have bound together India and Egypt, and Hindus and Muslims and Jews, from the Crusades to Operation Desert Storm. Rory Stewart, The Places in Between (2004) In January 2002 Rory Stewart walked across Afghanistansurviving by his wits, his knowledge of Persian dialects and Muslim customs, and the kindness of strangers Along the way Stewart met heroes and rogues, tribal elders and teenage soldiers, Taliban commanders and foreign-aid workers. Colin Thubron, Shadow of the Silk Road (2007) Making his way by local bus, truck, car, donkey cart, and camel, Colin Thubron covered some seven thousand miles in eight months out of the heart of China into the mountains of Central Asia, across northern Afghanistan and the plains of Iran into Kurdish Turkey and explored an ancient world in modern ferment. Gertrude Bell, A Woman in Arabia: The Writings of the Queen of the Desert (2015, written in early 20th century) This is the epic story of Bells life, told through her letters, military dispatches, diary entries, and other writings. It offers a unique and intimate look behind the public mask of a woman who shaped nations. Lynsey Addario, Its What I Do: A Photographers Life of Love and War (2015) Lynsey Addario was just finding her way as a young photographer when September 11 changed the world. One of the few photojournalists with experience in Afghanistan, she gets the call to return and cover the American invasion. Best Travel Books Set In Arctic/Antarctic Ernest Shackleton, South: The Story of Shackletons Last Expedition, 1914-1917 (1919) In an epic struggle of man versus the elements, Shackleton leads his team on a harrowing quest for survival over some of the most unforgiving terrain in the world. Barry Lopez, Arctic Dreams (2001) Lopez offers a thorough examination of this obscure world-its terrain, its wildlife, its history of Eskimo natives and intrepid explorers who have arrived on their icy shores. But what turns this marvelous work of natural history into a breathtaking study of profound originality is his unique meditation on how the landscape can shape our imagination, desires, and dreams. Sara Wheeler, Terra Incognita: Travels in Antarctica (1996) Terra Incognita is a meditation on the landscape, myths and history of one of the remotest parts of the globe, as well as an encounter with the international temporary residents of the region living in close confinement despite the surrounding acres of white space and the mechanics of day-to-day life in extraordinary conditions. Gretchen Legler, On the Ice: An Intimate Portrait of Life at McMurdo Station, Antarctica (2005) Sent to Antarctica as an observer by the National Science Foundation, Gretchen Legler arrives at McMurdo Station in midwinter, a time of -70 degree temperatures and months of near-total darkness. Various Locations Ibn Battuta, The Travels of Ibn Battuta, (14th century) Ibn Battutahâ"ethnographer, bigrapher, anecdotal historian and occasional botanistâ"was just 21 when he set out in 1325 from his native Tangier on a pilgramage to Mecca. He did not return to Morocco for another 29 years, traveling instead through more than 40 countries on the modern map, covering 75,000 miles and getting as far north as the Volga, as far east as China, and as far south as Tanzania. Martha Gellhorn, Travels With Myself and Another (1979): Out of a lifetime of travelling, Martha Gellhorn has selected her best horror journeys. She bumps through rain-sodden, war-torn China to meet Chiang Kai-Shek, floats listlessly in search of u-boats in the wartime Caribbean and visits a dissident writer in the Soviet Union against her better judgment. Barbara Savage, Miles from Nowhere: A Round-The World Bicycle Adventure (1983) This is the story of Barbara and Larry Savages sometimes dangerous, often zany, but ultimately rewarding 23,000 miles global bicycle odyssey, which took them through 25 countries in two years. Elaine Lee, editor, Go Girl!: The Black Womans Book of Travel and Adventure (1997) Globe-trotting attorney Lee assembled 52 travel pieces presenting the uncommon perspective of black women, mostly African Americans. Assembled under the headings Back to Africa, Sistren Travelin, and Trippin All Over the World, many initially appeared in popular womens or travel magazines. Cheryl J. Fish, editor, A Stranger in the Village: Two Centuries of African-American Travel Writing (1999) Dispatches, diaries, memoirs, and letters by African-American travelers in search of home, justice, and adventure-from the Wild West to Australia. Caryl Phillips, The Atlantic Sound (2000) Liverpool, England; Accra, Ghana; Charleston, South Carolina. These were the points of the triangle forming the major route of the transatlantic slave trade. And these are the cities that acclaimed author Caryl Phillips exploresphysically, historically, psychologicallyin this wide-ranging meditation on the legacy of slavery. Alain de Botton, The Art of Travel (2002) Any Baedeker will tell us where we ought to travel, but only Alain de Botton will tell us how and why de Botton considers the pleasures of anticipation; the allure of the exotic, and the value of noticing everything from a seascape in Barbados to the takeoffs at Heathrow. Geoff Dyer, Yoga for People Who Cant Be Bothered to Do It (2003) As he travels from Amsterdam to Cambodia, Rome to Indonesia, Libya to Burning Man in the Black Rock Desert, Dyer flounders about in a sea of grievances, with fleeting moments of transcendental calm his only reward for living in a perpetual state of motion. Susan Orlean, My Kind of Place: Travel Stories from a Woman Whos Been Everywhere (2004) In this irresistible collection of adventures far and near, Orlean conducts a tour of the world via its subcultures, from the heart of the African music scene in Paris to the World Taxidermy Championships in Springfield, Illinoisâ"and even into her own apartment, where she imagines a very famous houseguest taking advantage of her hospitality. Ryszard Kapuscinski, Travels with Herodotus (2004) Just out of university in 1955, Kapuscinski told his editor that heâd like to go abroad. Dreaming no farther than Czechoslovakia, the young reporter found himself sent to India. Wide-eyed and captivated, he would discover in those days his lifeâs workâ"to understand and describe the world in its remotest reaches, in all its multiplicity. Elizabeth Gilbert, Eat, Pray, Love (2006) Setting out for a year to study three different aspects of her nature amid three different cultures, Gilbert explored the art of pleasure in Italy and the art of devotion in India, and then a balance between the two on the Indonesian island of Bali. Tahir Shah, Travels with Myself (2011) Travels with Myself is a collection of selected writings by Tahir Shah, acclaimed Anglo-Afghan author and champion of the intrepid. Written over twenty years, the many pieces form an eclectic treasury of stories from Latin America, Asia, Africa, and beyond. Elisabeth Eaves, Wanderlust: A Love Affair with Five Continents (2011) Spanning 15 years of travel, beginning when she is a sophomore in college, Wanderlust documents Elisabeth Eavess insatiable hunger for the rush of the unfamiliar and the experience of encountering new people and cultures. Paula Young Lee, Deer Hunting in Paris: A Memoir of God, Guns, and Game Meat (2013) What happens when a Korean-American preacherâs kid refuses to get married, travels the world, and quits being vegetarian? She meets her polar opposite on an online dating site while sitting at a café in Paris, France and ends up in Paris, Maine, learning how to hunt. Emily Raboteau, Searching for Zion: The Quest for Home in the African Diaspora (2013) On her ten-year journey back in time and around the globe, through the Bush years and into the age of Obama, Raboteau wanders to Jamaica, Ethiopia, Ghana, and the American South to explore the complex and contradictory perspectives of Black Zionists. Amanda Epe, A Fly Girl: Travel Tales of an Exotic British Airways Cabin Crew (2014) A Fly Girl gives insight to the highs and lows in the world of a former BA cabin crew, in an intriguing travel writing memoir. In the global landscape the memoirist meticulously documents personal adventures, social structures and political history throughout her daring and exciting expeditions. Robert Moor, On Trails: An Exploration (2016) Throughout, Moor reveals how this single topicâ"the oft-overlooked trailâ"sheds new light on a wealth of age-old questions: How does order emerge out of chaos? How did animals first crawl forth from the seas and spread across continents? What do you think are the best travel books? Check out even more recommendations for travel memoirs here! Save Abraham Mohrhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04826403973464524250noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7776055038911814820.post-85635729465180120332020-05-21T10:54:00.001-07:002020-05-21T10:54:04.392-07:00The Power of Faith in the Poem, Beuwulf - 1425 Words Faith is that one intangible aspect of humanity whereby empirical evidence is innately and fundamentally unnecessary to its power. When certain events occur that cannot be explained by proof then one can attribute it to devotion and divine intervention. Did Beowulf achieve his victories because of his warrior skills, or because of that divide intervention? In the poem, Beowulf, this idea is brought up throughout when Beowulf is successful in his battles. According to the epic poem, it is Godââ¬â¢s intervention that helped Beowulf. In other words, Christianity is interrelated with other ideological systems in the text such as chivalry and paganism. Furthermore, it is also indicated that his success may be due to his own power and skill as a warrior, as if it were his fate that led to his triumph. He was destined to be a great warrior and so this was what contributed to his victories. This grapple to know what is the real cause of his successes highlights the contradiction between Pagan and Christian beliefs that are shown throughout the poem. Since it can be argued that this poem was written to possibly start changing Pagans to Christians and there are such Pagan beliefs mentioned it is sensible to say that the Christian beliefs were the new ones being pushed. The Pagan beliefs were there first and so it can be assumed that Beowulfââ¬â¢s success was due to his fate. Beowulf is introduced in the poem as being wise, this start shows the individual greatness of Beowulf (207). Later on Abraham Mohrhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04826403973464524250noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7776055038911814820.post-56519269794476513842020-05-06T23:13:00.001-07:002020-05-06T23:13:23.247-07:00Platos Allegory of the Cave Compared to the Human... The Allegory Because of how we live, true reality is not obvious to most of us. However, we mistake what we see and hear for reality and truth. This is the basic premise for Platos Allegory of the Cave, in which prisoners sit in a cave, chained down, watching images cast on the wall in front of them. They accept these views as reality and they are unable to grasp their overall situation: the cave and images are a ruse, a mere shadow show orchestrated for them by unseen men. At some point, a prisoner is set free and is forced to see the situation inside the cave. Initially, one does not want to give up the security of his or her familiar reality; the person has to be dragged past the fire and up the entranceway. This is a difficultâ⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦These chains that bind the prisoners to the floor are beliefs. Take clothes for instance, a person may not have very much money, so they should not spend enormous amounts on clothing, but the fear of not being accepted d ue to out of style clothes requires said person to spend too much money on their clothes. The fear spoken of is derivative of the persons beliefs, holding them to abide by the cultural norms, in this case purchasing over priced clothing. The prisoners are gazing at shadows on the wall, until he or she breaks free. To break free in this world, you must look at objects, individuals, cities and societies, even the universe as a whole, with reason. Do not simply rely on perceptions and senses to grasp concepts. People carrying figures of humans, animals, and plants crafted from wood or stone, cast images on the wall for the prisoners to gawk at. These people are the political, business, and educational leaders that feed the average person their own ideologies, beliefs about various things. These individuals are in todays society, people like George Bush, the President. He makes decisions for us, and tells us what to believe on certain subjects. After the attack on our country, he decided to send to troops in and attack Afghanistan. In this particular example, the Presidents beliefs may be correct, however, that is not a relevant fact. What is relevant, though, is that in questioning his decision, I have now formulated my own opinion andShow MoreRelatedPlatos Allegory Of The Cave Compared To The Human Condition Essay997 Words à |à 4 PagesThe Allegory Because of how we live, true reality is not obvious to most of us. However, we mistake what we see and hear for reality and truth. This is the basic premise for Plato#25263; Allegory of the Cave, in which prisoners sit in a cave, chained down, watching images cast on the wall in front of them. They accept these views as reality and they are unable to grasp their overall situation: the cave and images are a ruse, a mere shadow show orchestrated for them by unseen men. At some pointRead MorePlato s Theory Of Forms1556 Words à |à 7 PagesEssay 1: Give a careful account of Platoââ¬â¢s theory of Forms as presented in the Phaedo. Plato has an idea that all ideas are merely abstract thoughts, and what we perceive with our senses is actually an imperfect version of these abstract thoughts. This is the basic idea of Platoââ¬â¢s theory of the Forms. To best illustrate the theory of the Forms to others, Plato explains his famous Allegory of the Cave. From the groundwork of the Forms, Plato goes on in Phaedo to argue the immortality of the soulRead MoreHow Plato Uses the Myth of the Cave Essay896 Words à |à 4 PagesHow Plato Uses the Myth of the Cave Could reality be the greatest special effect of all time? Since the 6th century B.C.E a growth in human knowledge and understanding had occurred and people began to question the world rd they lived in, these people were called philosophers. Thales, Anaximander, Anaximines, Pythagoras, Heraclitus and Socrates were all highly regarded intellectuals but one mans thoughts on the world stood out. Plato is probablyRead MoreThe Allegory of the Cave2024 Words à |à 9 PagesIntroduction: An allegory is a kind of story in which writer intends a second meaning to be read beneath the surface story. One of the most important allegories ever to be gifted to humankind is Allegory of the Cave. Platoââ¬â¢s Allegory of the Cave is one of the most potent and pregnant of allegories that describe human condition in both its fallen and risen states. The Allegory of the Cave is Platos explanation of the education of the soul toward enlightenment. It is also known as the Analogy of the Cave, PlatosRead MoreThe Allegory of the Cave Essay1600 Words à |à 7 PagesThe Allegory of the Cave or also known as, Myth of the Cave, is a good example of explaining the feature of the way people think. It is a concept that demonstrates how humans are fearful of change and what they donââ¬â¢t know. Plato says that men are living in an underground cave and it is a situation. The Allegory of the Cave is Platos explanation of the education of the soul toward enlightenment. Plato talks ab out being free, everyday life, knowledge, and essentially what he wrote to be true.Read MorePlato And The Matrix Essay1463 Words à |à 6 PagesIn ââ¬Å"The Matrixâ⬠and Platoââ¬â¢s Phaedo and Republic questions of what makes up a whole and fulfilling life are answered. Both The Matrix and Plato provide alternate forms of reality, one that is based on truth and is fulfilling and one that is based on a false reality that offers false forms of fulfillment. The Matrix and Plato show the difference of living a life in a true reality and a ââ¬Å"fakeâ⬠reality where everything inside this reality is fake making the lives inside this reality fake. True educationRead MoreHuman Nature : Good Or Evil1053 Words à |à 5 PagesHuman Nature: Good or Evil All ideologies, including some economic ideologies, produce theories of human nature in order to establish fundamental human rights and to establish a more productive form of government. Human nature refers to the distinguishing characteristics of humans, including ways of thinking, feeling and acting; it is the moral principles that construct certain standards of behavior, which every person is entitled to simply because they are a human being. Many philosophers such asRead MoreReligion And Its Role Within Societies 600 B.c11006 Words à |à 45 Pagessocieties 600 B.C.E. - 600 C.E. Codifications and further developments of existing religious traditions provided a bond among the people and an ethical code to live by. Religion has been a dominant cultural, ethical, and political force throughout human history, both recent and ancient. Religion has been science and asylum for many generations of very many people, uniting them in their common faith. Temples were built for people to pray and perform sacrifice in, giving the people a common cause to Platos Allegory Of The Cave Compared To The Human... The Allegory Because of how we live, true reality is not obvious to most of us. However, we mistake what we see and hear for reality and truth. This is the basic premise for Plato#25263; Allegory of the Cave, in which prisoners sit in a cave, chained down, watching images cast on the wall in front of them. They accept these views as reality and they are unable to grasp their overall situation: the cave and images are a ruse, a mere shadow show orchestrated for them by unseen men. At some point, a prisoner is set free and is forced to see the situation inside the cave. Initially, one does not want to give up the security of his or her familiar reality; the person has to be dragged past the fire and up the entranceway. This is aâ⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦Prisoners, watching life unfold on the cave wall in front of them, accepting what they see as truth, as reality, are literally people. Every average person in this world is a prisoner, chained down. These chains that bind the prisoners to the f loor are beliefs. Take clothes for instance, a person may not have very much money, so they should not spend enormous amounts on clothing, but the fear of not being accepted due to out of style clothes requires said person to spend too much money on their clothes. The fear spoken of is derivative of the person#25263; beliefs, holding them to abide by the cultural norms, in this case purchasing over priced clothing. The prisoners are gazing at shadows on the wall, until he or she breaks free. To break free in this world, you must look at objects, individuals, cities and societies, even the universe as a whole, with reason. Do not simply rely on perceptions and senses to grasp concepts. People carrying figures of humans, animals, and plants crafted from wood or stone, cast images on the wall for the prisoners to gawk at. These people are the political, business, and educational leaders that feed the average person their own ideologies, beliefs about various things. These individuals are in today#25263; society, people like George Bush, the President. He makes decisions for us, and tells us what to believe on certain subjects. After the attack on our country, he decided to sendShow MoreRelatedPlatos Allegory of the Cave Compared to the Human Condition Essay1025 Words à |à 5 PagesThe Allegory Because of how we live, true reality is not obvious to most of us. However, we mistake what we see and hear for reality and truth. This is the basic premise for Platos Allegory of the Cave, in which prisoners sit in a cave, chained down, watching images cast on the wall in front of them. They accept these views as reality and they are unable to grasp their overall situation: the cave and images are a ruse, a mere shadow show orchestrated for them by unseen men. At some point,Read MorePlato s Theory Of Forms1556 Words à |à 7 PagesEssay 1: Give a careful account of Platoââ¬â¢s theory of Forms as presented in the Phaedo. Plato has an idea that all ideas are merely abstract thoughts, and what we perceive with our senses is actually an imperfect version of these abstract thoughts. This is the basic idea of Platoââ¬â¢s theory of the Forms. To best illustrate the theory of the Forms to others, Plato explains his famous Allegory of the Cave. From the groundwork of the Forms, Plato goes on in Phaedo to argue the immortality of the soulRead MoreHow Plato Uses the Myth of the Cave Essay896 Words à |à 4 PagesHow Plato Uses the Myth of the Cave Could reality be the greatest special effect of all time? Since the 6th century B.C.E a growth in human knowledge and understanding had occurred and people began to question the world rd they lived in, these people were called philosophers. Thales, Anaximander, Anaximines, Pythagoras, Heraclitus and Socrates were all highly regarded intellectuals but one mans thoughts on the world stood out. Plato is probablyRead MoreThe Allegory of the Cave2024 Words à |à 9 PagesIntroduction: An allegory is a kind of story in which writer intends a second meaning to be read beneath the surface story. One of the most important allegories ever to be gifted to humankind is Allegory of the Cave. Platoââ¬â¢s Allegory of the Cave is one of the most potent and pregnant of allegories that describe human condition in both its fallen and risen states. The Allegory of the Cave is Platos explanation of the education of the soul toward enlightenment. It is also known as the Analogy of the Cave, PlatosRead MoreThe Allegory of the Cave Essay1600 Words à |à 7 PagesThe Allegory of the Cave or also known as, Myth of the Cave, is a good example of explaining the feature of the way people think. It is a concept that demonstrates how humans are fearful of change and what they donââ¬â¢t know. Plato says that men are living in an underground cave and it is a situation. The Allegory of the Cave is Platos explanation of the education of the soul toward enlightenment. Plato talks ab out being free, everyday life, knowledge, and essentially what he wrote to be true.Read MorePlato And The Matrix Essay1463 Words à |à 6 PagesIn ââ¬Å"The Matrixâ⬠and Platoââ¬â¢s Phaedo and Republic questions of what makes up a whole and fulfilling life are answered. Both The Matrix and Plato provide alternate forms of reality, one that is based on truth and is fulfilling and one that is based on a false reality that offers false forms of fulfillment. The Matrix and Plato show the difference of living a life in a true reality and a ââ¬Å"fakeâ⬠reality where everything inside this reality is fake making the lives inside this reality fake. True educationRead MoreHuman Nature : Good Or Evil1053 Words à |à 5 PagesHuman Nature: Good or Evil All ideologies, including some economic ideologies, produce theories of human nature in order to establish fundamental human rights and to establish a more productive form of government. Human nature refers to the distinguishing characteristics of humans, including ways of thinking, feeling and acting; it is the moral principles that construct certain standards of behavior, which every person is entitled to simply because they are a human being. Many philosophers such asRead MoreReligion And Its Role Within Societies 600 B.c11006 Words à |à 45 Pagessocieties 600 B.C.E. - 600 C.E. Codifications and further developments of existing religious traditions provided a bond among the people and an ethical code to live by. Religion has been a dominant cultural, ethical, and political force throughout human history, both recent and ancient. Religion has been science and asylum for many generations of very many people, uniting them in their common faith. Temples were built for people to pray and perform sacrifice in, giving the people a common cause to Abraham Mohrhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04826403973464524250noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7776055038911814820.post-53786223899369442582020-05-06T07:40:00.001-07:002020-05-06T07:40:17.308-07:00Lifeguarding Swimming Pool and Associates Professional Lifeguard Free Essays Cortny Handorf Professor Richey English 1301 December 4, 2012 Life Savers Growing up, the job title ââ¬Å"lifeguardingâ⬠said it all to me. Swimming pools and aquatic attractions were always the most fun places to go with the family. I always looked up to lifeguards as if they were some sort of a hero. We will write a custom essay sample on Lifeguarding: Swimming Pool and Associates Professional Lifeguard or any similar topic only for you Order Now They made me feel secure and safe although Iââ¬â¢ve always been an excellent swimmer. It seemed as if they had the ideal job, so when I got older I took the first opportunity to become my own hero. I started out being just a lifeguard and then soon advanced quickly to a lifeguard instructor. I even was promoted to becoming the facilities Aquatics Director. Through this journey, I had the chance to experience how rewarding being a lifeguard truly is and was able to be many of others hero. There are several specific techniques on how to be an Ellis and Associates professional lifeguard. The first step in how to be an Ellis and Associates professional lifeguard is to pass all the prerequisites. This includes being able to swim 200 yards and to tread water for two minutes. After passing those, people must take the international lifeguard training course through Ellis (ILTP). This program prepares them for what it takes to be professional. This course also teaches how to anticipate, recognize and manage aquatic emergencies. It is a requirement that Ellis lifeguards be accountable and responsible. After all, they are the crucial, front line components of water safety at an aquatic facility. Being prepared, pleasant, vigilant, knowledgeable, and always in proper uniform reflect upon the professional image of a lifeguard. When a lifeguard looks and acts professional the facility will reflect upon their actions, and the guest will respond to their request more efficiently. Lifeguards should also speak with authority to insure rule enforcement. The second step in how to be an Ellis and Associates lifeguard is to learn the variety of rescues. Each lifeguard is assigned a specific zone of protection. This is commonly referred to as their station or position they are responsible for. Within the zone of protection, each Ellis lifeguard is required to keep a vigilant 10/20 protection standard. This means they have 10 seconds to spot a guest in distress, and 20 seconds to reach the guest to administer aid. There are several different ways to scan a zone of protection, and everyoneââ¬â¢s technique will be different. Practicing these techniques will assure vigilance, and help the guard stay focused. During an emergency, lifeguards have to be able to keep calm, speak loud and clear to be able to control a surrounding crowd. All Ellis lifeguards will also have to be CPR certified through Ellis. The lifeguards preform CPR until EMS shows up to take over. The third step in how to be an Ellis and Associates lifeguard is to know each facilities emergency action plan (EAP). Every aquatic facility has an EAP and should be practiced daily. It is important for all employees to know their role in the state of an emergency. Communication becomes very crucial when an EAP has been activated. Most lifeguards use their whistles to communicate in this process. For example, the waterpark I was at used two long whistle blasts to activate an emergency. However, EMS is not always going to be called for a tiny scratch or slight sunburn. That means all lifeguards also have to know how to render first aid. By the end of the course, some people learn they are not cut out for this type of job. Therefore, after they have completed the 24 hour course and have passed the written exam at least by 80 percent, then they will be certified lifeguards. After they complete this, they now have to attend weekly in-services to keep their skills sharp. In conclusion, these are brief techniques on how to be an Ellis and Associates professional lifeguard. Being a lifeguard is harder than what some people may think. At the end of each day, lifeguards must be able to prioritize their actions in order to save lives when needed. They may not be doctors or nurses; however, they are life preservers. How to cite Lifeguarding: Swimming Pool and Associates Professional Lifeguard, Papers Abraham Mohrhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04826403973464524250noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7776055038911814820.post-49983788400813073432020-04-24T05:23:00.001-07:002020-04-24T05:23:03.120-07:00Women writing in India Table of Contents Introduction The Theme of Change Razia Sajjad Zaheer Amrita Pritam Ratakonda Vasundhara Devi Conclusion Work Cited Introduction The confrontation between tradition and change comes out well in the collection Women writing in India. The collection contains various views on the theme change as presented by various women authors. This paper will examine the outstanding features of the tradition and the change as presented in the collection. The paper also brings out the effect that change has on the protagonists. An analysis is made on how both men and women respond to change and who between men and women responds better to the changes.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Women writing in India specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The Theme of Change It is worth mentioning that the collection of short stories in the book Women writing in India is one big representation of the theme of change. It is a r epresentation of the change because it assists to bring out the talent that women possess, which was initially (before the age of learning institutions) not recognized. The collection is true evidence of the ingenuity that women posses; a potential which has been trampled down by male chauvinists. Going through the stories in this collection, one gets to view the society from a different perspective. It was quite appropriate that the authors did not engage in any kind gender modification to represent women as better than men; such an action could have dispelled the authenticity of the application of the stories in the society. The stories are a true replica of the society with no unnecessary delineation, which could have depicted the society as it was not. It is evident that the authors in this collection had embraced to write about change as it had seemingly set them free. This, however, is not an indication that the authors had depicted tradition in bad light. It can be argued tha t the authors had technically juxtaposed tradition and change thus leaving it to the readers to point out the good and bad element of both the tradition and the change. The authors were very observant of the changes that were taking place in the society, especially those which touched on the liberation of women. Some of the authors who stood out well in representing the change in their stories are examined below. Razia Sajjad Zaheer Razia Sajjad Zaheer was well educated; she acquired a masterââ¬â¢s degree. She was married to a husband who shared the same interest as her and was an activist. It is alleged that he spent half the years he was married to Razia Sajjad Zaheer in prison. Nevertheless, they kept on communicating despite the geographical gap that existed between them. Razia wrote many stories and the one which was captured in the collection was titled Neech, which meant low born. Using this story, Razia presented in an exceedingly powerful manner a huge conflict between t he tradition and change. She juxtaposed dominant elements of tradition and change in a very amazing manner. Shymali was the daredevil who changed the tradition. To Sultan, who had developed an admiration for Shyamali, this was beyond reality, it was lunacy.Advertising Looking for essay on literature languages? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The tradition was that, husbands were very precious and in the words of Sultan: ââ¬Å"a husband was so precious; he was a womanââ¬â¢s honor, her god on earthâ⬠(Tharu and Lalita 148). Shyamali, a low born, was of a different opinion; she did not believe she deserved to be treated as a prostitute. The author decided to introduce a change in a different manner, not through the noble but through the low born. The change story Neech surprised both men and women. Sultan was seen struggling with the thought of how women could go against their husbands even if the husbands mistreated t hem. To Sultani, this was unthinkable. To Sultani, there was one fact; a fact that in that society ââ¬Å"marriage was nothing more than legalized prostitutionâ⬠(Tharu and Lalita 149). Amrita Pritam Amrita Proitam went through a life that was filled with many restrictions that adversely hindered her potential from sprouting freely. After the death of her mother, her father restricted her so much that she could literary feel restriction in each breath she took. At a tender age of sixteen years, she got married and her new family was against her publicity, which was due to her writing of poems. The general feeling was that she was not undertaking her duties as a wife and daughter in law but instead was engaging in writing, which brought much publicity to her. She later divorced her first husband and afterwards lived with the artist Imroz. Amrita Pritam can be described as a champion of the women struggle against oppression from male. She often wrote about the loneliness that mar ried women endured and the atrocities that they suffered. Her writings can be described as those which encouraged women to be open-minded and seek freedom from the entanglement of oppression. She was quite frank and often informed the women who so desired to free themselves that they were likely to incur some costs. Amrita received a number of awards for her contribution towards empowering the womenfolk and encouraging them to stand up for their rights. Amrita expressed a lot of pain in one of the poems that she wrote. The poem was titled Jada that is winter (Tharu and Lalita 163). The title might have been symbolic to display the coldness that was inherent on womenââ¬â¢s lives. The poem described how her whole body shivered. The shivering is attributed to have started from her soul. This is an indication that the cause of the oppression that women were subjected to was an intrinsic factor; it was something that was inherent in the society.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Women writing in India specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In the last stanza of her poem, she seemed to have had a desire for a cup of sunlight. She was to tuck this cup of sunlight into her womb and by so doing the winter in her life would have passed away. This was quite symbolic as it was a simple but powerful message that she was delivering to fellow womenfolk that they needed enlightenment in order to cross over from the coldness that oppression had locked them in. Ratakonda Vasundhara Devi This is another writer who vividly brought out the suffering that women underwent while undertaking the roles that the society had prescribed to them. Ratakonda clearly fought for women right. Her writing brought to light issues, which touched on women ââ¬Å"rights, their pleasures and pains, and their welfareâ⬠(358). The story Picchi (madness) was written by Ratakonda. She used this story to shade light on the burden that women were exposed to. In this story, a man married his second wife after the first one had committed suicide. The second wife seems to put up well with the family but soon after she gave birth to the first child, she ran mad. The immediate family believed that it was the food she was given after giving birth that affected her. In the true sense, it was the pressure and burden that were laid on the first and the second wives that drove them to the kind of calamities that they underwent. Some members of the village often went to visit the second wife at the mental hospital. Though visiting her was a show of concern, clearly the society was missing out on vital issues and attending to issues, which were of less significance. The vital issues were to ensure that women were not overworked. It was ironical that overworking oneself could be viewed as being a good and responsible wife. Unlike in the two stories above, this story on Picchi does not reflect any change but rather brings to f ull light the kind of chains that women were enslaved in. Conclusion The collection Women writing in India brought out significant issues, which affected the lives of women. The collection was a good illustration of women fighting for their rights. The theme which dominated in this volume was that of change. The change depicted in most of the stories by the different authors was that of women going against oppression and moving towards their freedom. As some of the writers noted, this movement was not easy, and in some cases it cost women a lot. Some of the changes which took place surprised even the women who were supposed to benefit from the changes. Men, who were depicted as agents of this oppression on women, did not take lightly the changes as they viewed them as a disobedience to what the society had agreed on as the normal way of life. Work Cited Tharu, Susie and Lalita, ke. Women writing in India: 600 B.C. to the present, volume 2. New York, Feminist Press, 1991. Print.Adver tising Looking for essay on literature languages? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This essay on Women writing in India was written and submitted by user Kaitlin Howard to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here. Abraham Mohrhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04826403973464524250noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7776055038911814820.post-78221617994953660302020-03-17T21:10:00.001-07:002020-03-17T21:10:03.823-07:00Physician Assisted SuicidePhysician Assisted Suicide Free Online Research Papers Debbie was a 20 year old girl with a severe case of ovarian cancer, and was a patient of the gynecologic-oncology unit at her local hospital. She was having unrelenting problems with vomiting as a result of an alcohol drip that was being administered for her sedation. Her appearance was that of extreme emaciation, and her breathing was always very loud and heavily labored. Her condition led onlookers to pure shock and disbelief that a girl so young could look so old. She was receiving nasal oxygen, had an IV, and was obviously suffering from what could only be severe air hunger. Her medical chart noted that she only weighed eighty pounds. Debbieââ¬â¢s eyes were sunken in and looked hollow, and she had suprasternal and intercostal retractions with her rapid respirations. It had been a full 48 hours since Debbie had either eaten or slept. She had shown absolutely no signs of improvement with her chemotherapy, and seemed to be worn and beaten by her struggle to survive. Debbieââ¬â¢s only words to the nurse administering her supportive care were ââ¬Å"Letââ¬â¢s get this over with.â⬠Debbieââ¬â¢s mother was by her side on the night that the gynecologic resident was paged to Debbieââ¬â¢s room. The resident was expecting this late night page to be an elderly woman that was having trouble getting to sleep, and was amazed by what she saw when she arrived at the room- a middle aged woman standing next to the bed of what could only be her sister, or so she thought until the resident saw the patientââ¬â¢s age on her chart. The resident, after reviewing the chart of the patient, and having a discussion with the mother, decided that while she may not be able to give Debbie health, she could give her rest. The resident went to the nurseââ¬â¢s station, and asked a nurse to draw 20mg of morphine sulfate into a syringe- enough, she thought, to do the job. She took the syringe back to Debbieââ¬â¢s room, and told the two women that she was going to give Debbie something that would help her rest, and that now was the time to say good-bye. Debbieââ¬â¢s moth er smiled and said her final words to Debbie while she was still alive, then gave the resident the OK. The resident injected the morphine sulfate into Debbie intravenously, and waited for the signs that her calculations on the effect of the medicine were correct. Within seconds, Debbieââ¬â¢s breath slowed to a normal rate, her eyes closed, and her features softened as she finally seemed at rest. Debbieââ¬â¢s breath continued to slow, and with clock-like certainty, had almost completely ceased within four minutes. Her breathing became very irregular, then ceased completely. Debbie was no longer alive. Identify and Discuss: Should Debbie have been assisted by the resident in her suicide? There are many things to consider when asking this question. First and foremost, what did Debbie want? By her saying ââ¬Å"Letââ¬â¢s get this over with,â⬠it can safely be assumed that Debbie was ready for her pain and suffering to end. While Debbie was at a very young age in her life, the ovarian cancer had led to her having to constantly be in a state of sedation via IV alcohol drip. She had excessive trouble breathing, and from her emaciated state, we can also assume that she was having serious problems with either ingestion or digestion, or both. Debbie had already tried chemotherapy, but it had failed thus far. Another factor to consider would be the opinion of Debbieââ¬â¢s mother. While by Debbieââ¬â¢s bedside in the hospital, the mother seemed to agree with Debbie that it was time for the pain and suffering to end. Debbieââ¬â¢s mother was probably upset by seeing her daughter in such a horrible condition for so long, that she was also ready to use the last resort of ending Debbieââ¬â¢s life. The case did not say anything about Debbieââ¬â¢s father so his opinion is not able to be taken into account. Next to consider would be the legality of the resident helping Debbie to end her life. The case does not specify where this hospital is located; however, in every state, with the exception of Oregon, physician assisted suicide is illegal. If this hospital happened to be in Oregon, then it was within the residentââ¬â¢s legal rights to assist Debbie in her death. However, if this hospital was not in Oregon, then the resident that administered the morphine sulfate was doing something illegal, and could be tried for murder. Another consideration would be the professional values that deal with physician assisted suicide. According to the Washington School of Medicine, half of practicing physicians believe that physician assisted suicide is ethically justifiable in certain cases. An average of one in five physicians will at some point in their career get a request for physician assisted suicide, and about twenty percent of these physicians will go through with the PAS. (Braddock) Propose: I believe that in Debbieââ¬â¢s case, the resident was ethically justified in administering the morphine sulfate. It is what Debbie and her mother wanted, so that Debbieââ¬â¢s pain and suffering would be alleviated. The resident first and foremost respected Debbieââ¬â¢s autonomy by performing the injection. Decisions about time and method of death are very personal, and a competent patient such as Debbie should have the right to choose when and how they die. Debbie made that decision by stating ââ¬Å"Letââ¬â¢s get this over with.â⬠Another justification for the resident was a combination of justice and compassion. All like cases should be treated alike, and with Debbie being in a state at which she was competent to make her own decisions, she could have refused treatment to hasten her own death. For some patients, like Debbie, death by refusal of treatment is not quick enough, and suicide is the only way, as they are experiencing unbearable suffering. This suffering for Debbie was apparently not alleviated by her alcohol drip, and chemotherapy had already failed to treat her cancer, so it was out of compassion that the resident administered the morphine sulfate injection. Critique: There are some critiques of performing physician assisted suicide- the first being the sanctity of life. This argument points out strong religious and secular traditions against taking human life. It may be argued that the resident should not have performed the PAS, but the case said nothing of either the residentââ¬â¢s religious beliefs or Debbieââ¬â¢s. Another critique could be the passive versus active distinction. The argument here holds that there is an important difference between passively letting die and actively killing. Some might argue that treatment refusal or withholding treatment equates to letting die and is justifiable, whereas PAS equates to killing and is not justifiable. One more critique would be that PAS demotes the image of the medical profession. This argument points to the historical ethical traditions of medicine, which are strongly opposed to taking life. For instance, the Hippocratic Oath states, I will not administer poison to anyone where asked, and Be of benefit, or at least do no harm. Furthermore, major professional groups (AMA, AGS) oppose assisted death. The overall concern is that linking PAS to the practice of medicine could harm the publics image of the profession. (Braddock) Bibliography Braddock, Clarence H. MD, MPH. Physician Assisted Suicide. Ethics in Medicine. University of Washington School of Medicine. http://depts.washington.edu/bioethx/topics/pas.html Research Papers on Physician Assisted SuicideArguments for Physician-Assisted Suicide (PAS)The Fifth HorsemanThe Masque of the Red Death Room meaningsPersonal Experience with Teen PregnancyThe Hockey GameHarry Potter and the Deathly Hallows EssayThe Spring and Autumn19 Century Society: A Deeply Divided EraWhere Wild and West MeetMind Travel Physician Assisted Suicide Free Online Research Papers Physician assisted suicide and the right to die; these words bring to most peopleââ¬â¢s minds the name Dr. Jack Kevorkian or ââ¬Å"Dr. Deathâ⬠as he has been labeled by the media. Dr. Kevorkian designed a ââ¬Å"suicide machineâ⬠that could terminate a patientââ¬â¢s life through a serious of intravenous injections. This brought him national attention and ridicule, but there is much more to this subject. There is more than what the surface has shown. Those who automatically dismiss the subject of physician assisted suicide as immoral likely have no personal experience with loved ones who have suffered through horrible, pain-intensive terminal illnesses. In 1992, my grandmother was diagnosed with terminal lung cancer. She suffered months of exhausting treatment. This was the right choice for her, but it was all for naught. There was a point in her treatment in which the doctors determined that further medical treatment would not save her life. During the last few weeks of her life, she was in grave pain. The doctor had prescribed the strongest pain medication available at the time, liquid morphine. I was charged with her medical care, along with a friend of hers, during the last few weeks of her life. In order to keep my grandmother from agonizing pain, I asked the doctor to increase the doses of morphine. At one point, the doctor administered triple and quadruple the amounts of regular morphine doses to my grandmother. The amount had little effect on my grandmother. Many times I thought of increasing the morphine dosage enough so that she would fall asleep and never wake up again. I wanted to the pain away from her forever. I didnââ¬â¢t have to think about that decision for long. Shortly after my grandmother stopped breathing, I realized the cancer had taken her from me and the world. My grandmotherââ¬â¢s experience is a good example of what could have been a physician-assisted suicide. Sounding Board, Death and Dignity (New England Journal of Medicine, March 7th 1991) is an article written by a pseudo-name, Timothy E. Quill, M.D. Quill is a medical physician who goes on to describe about his experience with a former patient of his. This patient, whom he refers to ââ¬Å"Dianeâ⬠, was diagnosed with acute myelomonocytic leukemia. This form of leukemia is terminal. Quill writes that he knew Diane for quite some time and had knowledge of some of the trials and tribulations she had been through in her life. Diane suffered from alcoholism, depression, and uterine cancer. Quill writes that Diane was able to overcome these demons. Quill informed Diane cancer diagnosis. He also informed her that her cancer treatment would be exhausting and last for months. The treatments would make her extremely sick and weak. Despite the treatment, Dianeââ¬â¢s chances of survival would only be twenty-five percent. Quill informs Diane that time is not on her side and treatment would begin immediately. Diane soon realized that her chances of survival were reduced with each passing day. Diane decided that she needed to discuss her options with her family. Quill writes that Diane returned two days later and informed him that she was refusing further treatment. Diane stated that she realized her chances of survival were reduced with each passing day. Quill was surprised at Dianeââ¬â¢s decision. He respected her wish to refuse further treatment. Quill ensured Diane that he would take the necessary steps to make sure that her remaining days would be medically comfortable for her. Within time, Dianeââ¬â¢s symptoms became progressively worse. Diane realized then she didnââ¬â¢t have much time left. Diane requested a prescription for barbiturates from Quill. Quill was familiar with the Hemlock Society, an organization dedicated to fighting for a patientââ¬â¢s right to die. Quill knew that barbiturates are a key ingredient in a Hemlock Society suicide. Quill determined that Diane experiencing trouble sleeping, yet he struggled with her request for barbiturates. Ultimately, Quill prescribed barbiturates for Diane, all the while knowing that she would use them to end her life. In my opinion, I believe Quill made the right decision regarding Diane. Dianeââ¬â¢s story was not about a woman suffering from depression wishing to end her life. Dianeââ¬â¢s story is a true life example of an individual faced with a slow, painful death due to a terminal illness. In my opinion, Quill likely felt guilty knowing that Diane would suffer a slow, painful death. The guilt of allowing Diane to suffer a painful death was likely much greater than any guilt he felt about violating the law; professionally or legally. I strongly believe that individuals should think more about the bigger picture physician-assisted suicides. My experience long ago with my grandmother taught me the difference between spirit of the law and the letter of the law. The Hemlock Society has been an integral part of fighting for patientââ¬â¢s right to die with dignity. On October 27th, 1997, physician-assisted suicide became legal in the State of Oregon for terminally ill patients meeting the requirements of the law. In my opinion, other states should follow Oregonââ¬â¢s lead regarding physician-assisted suicide. The United States Supreme Court is currently examining physician-assisted suicide to determine if our nation will follow Oregonââ¬â¢s lead. Research Papers on Physician Assisted SuicideArguments for Physician-Assisted Suicide (PAS)Personal Experience with Teen PregnancyCapital PunishmentLifes What IfsGenetic EngineeringThe Masque of the Red Death Room meaningsThe Fifth HorsemanMarketing of Lifeboy Soap A Unilever ProductThree Concepts of PsychodynamicThe Effects of Illegal Immigration Abraham Mohrhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04826403973464524250noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7776055038911814820.post-67522987349608973292020-03-01T12:57:00.001-08:002020-03-01T12:57:03.368-08:00How to Get Organized at Work When Youre a MarketerHow to Get Organized at Work When Youre a Marketer Getting (and staying) organized at work is no easy feat. Your inbox is constantly filling up with emails and meeting invites Your desk is covered in random piles of sticky notesâ⬠¦ And your office messaging system is blowing up non-stop. Itââ¬â¢s no wonder you struggle like craaazzzy to *actually* get anything done. #truth But when youââ¬â¢re a marketer who is responsible for a million projects, tasks, and deadlinesâ⬠¦ being organized is a more than just a nice-to-haveâ⬠¦ Being organized at work is a necessity. And by the end of this post you will: Know how to get organized at work (thanks to # organizational tips) Learn about # powerful organization tools that can help you get organized AND have access to a couple of *very* helpful organizational templates. Letââ¬â¢s get organized, shall we? How to Get Organized at Work When Youre a Marketer via @How To Get Organized At Work Getting organized at work doesnââ¬â¢t have to be a struggleâ⬠¦ BUT it does take some effort. And when I say ââ¬Å"effortâ⬠I mean that getting organized at work is about more that just ââ¬Å"getting organized at work.â⬠Because honestly, your life *outside* of work also has to be a bit organized for it not to cramp your style from 9 to 5. ðŸË⢠Another thingif youââ¬â¢re one of those people who thinks that their disorganization is part of their ââ¬Å"creative geniusâ⬠Let me stop you right there with a series of cold, hard facts about organization (which come from our latest marketing research reportà (as of 2018): Fact #1 Marketers who document their strategies are 538% more successful than those who donââ¬â¢t (which means itââ¬â¢s not left to chance). Fact #2 Marketers who document their processes are 466% more successful than those who donââ¬â¢t (which means success is actually linked to getting organized). Fact #3 Marketers who set goals are 429% more successful than those who donââ¬â¢t (and goal setting doesnââ¬â¢t just happen by accident it takes an organized effort). ^^^Said another way, itââ¬â¢s proven that marketers who proactively organize are more successful than those who constantly fly by the seat of their pants. Getting organized is provenà to help marketers like you succeed. (And tbh thatââ¬â¢s pretty sweet). So without further adoâ⬠¦ Letââ¬â¢s dive into a series of organizational tips that are going to help you organize your life, your desk (cough cough), and your workload so that you can be a successful (and hella organized) marketer. Organizational Tips Getting organized at work is more than just cleaning off your desktop and sorting files (even though thatââ¬â¢s a great place to start) Getting organized at work should actually start with making sure certain aspects of your life are well-organized, too. So before we jump into how to get organized at work, letââ¬â¢s jump into 5 ways you can organize your life. Organized Life Tip #1: Get a good amount of sleep First things first to really feel organized, you need to make sure to always get a good amount of sleep. Ã°Å¸Ë ´ Itââ¬â¢s literally impossible to thinkà clearly when youââ¬â¢re running on a shortage of snoozin hours and WAY too much caffeine. Itââ¬â¢s literally impossible to thinkà clearly when youââ¬â¢re running on a shortage of snoozin hoursTip #2: Rely on a planner Rely on a planner (digital or paper) to help you remember (and show up on time for) every meeting. Plus, writing down important dates + times actually a) makes it easier to remember (because youââ¬â¢ve taken the time to write it down) and b) lets your brain free up important space for idkactually executing a marketing strategy. ;) Tip # 3: Begin your day by knocking out small tasks Begin your day by knocking out small tasks (check your email, put away laundry, unload the dishwasher, etc). You not only get more organized in the process (bonus.) But accomplishing small tasks right away in the morning also means youââ¬â¢re being productive right away.à Itââ¬â¢s a feeling of accomplishment that you can carry with you throughout the workday. Tip #4: Schedule regular breaks Managing your mental state at work is KEY to getting organized. You need to give your brain a chance to relax à otherwise youââ¬â¢re going to feel mega-burned out by 3pm (and making decisions when your brain is tired is never awesome). For best results, try to give yourself a break in the morning AND one in the afternoon (about 15 minutes each). Take a walk around the office, around the block, change up your environment by hitting up a coffee shop whatever works best for you and helps you feel refreshed when you get back. Tip #5: Pick up the phone or use chat Pick up the phone or use chatà to communicate with others. Direct communication means you *actually* get answers. Sending emails back and forth is no good for anyone (and usually just results in a cluttered email inbox). Whether youââ¬â¢re checking in on your mom or getting information about an upcoming project at work picking up the phone or sending a chat (Slack or Google Hangouts are great chat tools) makes sure your email inbox doesnt get overloaded (at least as quickly as usual)and youââ¬â¢ll usually get the answer youââ¬â¢re looking for MUCH faster. ðŸâ To recap: hereââ¬â¢s a nice little graphic of the 5 tips you can use to organize your life: Onto the next phase of how to get organized at workâ⬠¦ An organized desk. ðŸâ" ¥ Organized Desk Who doesnââ¬â¢t love a nice and clean desk (and desktop), am I right?. Here are TWO tips to help you maintain a clean, organized workspace. Abraham Mohrhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04826403973464524250noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7776055038911814820.post-19651997791896349602020-02-14T04:24:00.001-08:002020-02-14T04:24:03.351-08:00Jeyes business 's generic and distinctive marketing strategies Case StudyJeyes business 's generic and distinctive marketing strategies - Case Study Example The main research question to be speaking to in this reading is whether the chief executive officer (CEO) ought to unilaterally exercise strategic leadership on behalf of the whole organization or whether such leadership ought to be shared by one or more additional groups in the pecking order of management. The achievement of the strategic objectives fundamental strategic decisions is talented through the effectual practice of strategic leadership. In spite of the self-evident perceptual imprecision and cognitive limitations of strategic leaders, their imitation of the factors causal to or detracting from victorious outcomes of strategic choices are extremely important for the long-term feasibility of the organization (Wheelen, Thomas L. Hunger). The study fundamental this research is directed toward determine the truly important leadership factors that make a payment to the achievement of implemented strategic decisions as seen during the eyes of the chief executive officer (CEO). The exact focus is on strategic leadership at the height of the CEO. There are additional studies that are anxious with the CEO as a strategic leader. But, for the mainly part, these are not studies in which the CEO is the elite participant. This study is based on a learning of strategic leadership at the CEO level as apparent by the in office chief executives with a sight toward formative whether victorious strategic decisions ought to be made unilaterally or jointly at the uppermost levels of the business. Introduction The following report describes and analyses Jeyes business 's generic and distinctive marketing strategies, as well as providing accurate industry, competitor, market, and SWOT analysis'. Evaluation of Jeyes business 's marketing strategy is conducted, thus analyzing the strengths and weaknesses of the strategy. Lastly the report recommends probable future courses of actions obtainable to Jeyes business, in order to get better profits and stop mistakes in the future. It is important to emphasize that the study of International strategic planning methodology should not be limited to techniques alone. numerous books have been written on planning method over the years, but without firm basics in theory and/or empirical confirmation, very few have endured the examination of time. Accordingly, this quantity is a compendium of together theory and experiential proof that pertain especially to how firms ought to be managed deliberately. Thus, the application of strategic management hypothesis and experiential proof to preparation technique is the subject matter of strategic planning methodology, and this quantity which, we consider, is the first to attain such a nexus (Schuler, R. S., 2003, 419-459). Strategic development technique is, to strategic management theory, what automatic engineering is to hypothetical physics. More than just procedural guidelines, then, this research contains main beliefs of applied strategic management theory and experiential evidence that are either usually accepted or adequately verifiable to serve as bases for expert practice. mutually strategic management scholars and grave strategic planning practitioners who wish a total collection of typically accepted planning main beliefs ought to find this Abraham Mohrhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04826403973464524250noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7776055038911814820.post-90431209490657906862020-02-01T16:32:00.001-08:002020-02-01T16:32:03.540-08:00Global warming Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 1Global warming - Research Paper Example As stated, the temperature of the earthââ¬â¢s surface has been slowly but surely rising over the span of a few centuries. This increase in temperature, though assumed to have always been taking place, was first called to attention in the early 1800s. The first Industrial Revolution brought with it coal, railroads, and the cutting down of forests for various projects, all of which prompted the speeding up of greenhouse gas emissions (Weart, 2008). The second Industrial Revolution saw a similar change, and scientists began recording the slightest of changes to the earthââ¬â¢s temperature. However, in the past decade, it has been noted that this increase in temperature has only quickened with time. This is thought to be due to the advancement in technology that has allowed us to create more finite-dependable utilities. Due to global warming, various locations throughout the world are seeing changes to their weather and temperatures that they have never experienced before. While so me places are experiencing unfamiliar, and often unbearable, heat, other places are finding themselves bundling up in attempts to withstand the unusual and unseasonal chill. The greatest change in surface temperature can be found in Alaska and Greenland, where the Inuit tribes are discovering for the first time what it means to have a warm day in a land predominantly made of ice. Similarly, the weather conditions throughout the world have changed, bringing rain to places that are otherwise barren and dryer weather to locations that are more used to rain or snow. The cause of global warming takes place on earth, but the effects primarily take place in the atmosphere. When greenhouse gases, mainly carbon dioxide emissions from deforestation, become trapped in the earth, the greenhouse effect comes as a result. These gases would normally be able to escape from the earth, but when they are unable to they remain close enough to the surface to cause dramatic changes in temperature. Carbon dioxide is the most harmful of these gases as it stays in the atmosphere for an increased amount of time, often exceeding many hundreds of years (Archer, 2007). Even a small buildup of carbon dioxide can cause a significant increase in temperature. The more emissions we allow to enter our atmosphere, the more carbon dioxide that remains. This buildup leads to increased temperatures, and thus global warming. Effects of Global Warming Though global warming is being experienced throughout the world, the most noticeable and drastic changes can be seen in locations where ice caps are great in quantity. As the earthââ¬â¢s temperature increasingly becomes warmer, these ice caps, such as those found in the Arctic, begin to melt. Contrary to popular belief, ice caps melt starting at the bottom, gradually losing size to their bases and slowly moving up as the ice caps become smaller. Approximately eleven percent of all landmass is glacial ice (Houghton, 2009), so the water levels are grea tly effected by the melting ice caps. The ramifications of these melting ice caps may not be immediately noticeable, but as they continue to melt, the sea levels continue to rise, which bring forth further problems. As the sea levels rise, the oceans expand. To make room for all of this excess water, the oceans have no choice but to spill over onto our landmasses, which can result in horrific flooding throughout the world. Any landmass that borders the oceans will be effected by Abraham Mohrhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04826403973464524250noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7776055038911814820.post-77694627791789347572020-01-24T12:56:00.001-08:002020-01-24T12:56:03.060-08:00Abuse and Child Development Essay -- Domestic ViolenceAbuse and Child Development This paper will investigate the abuse of children and some of the ways which young children are affected developmentally. I will try and present an overview of the major types of abuse but my big focus and most of my research has been to cover sexual abuse and its effect on development in young children and how it can affect brain development. Child abuse is defined as the mistreatment of children or minors, resulting in a variety of harmful and damaging results with regard to the well being and safety of the victim. Child abuse can range in the details and circumstances in which the offence takes place; child abuse can take place in a direct physical fashion, which includes attack and physical assault however child abuse can take place verbally and psychologically also. Abuse includes physical, sexual, psychological, emotional, verbal, and neglect (medical and other). Physical abuse is physical force or violence that results in bodily injury, pain or impairment. It includes assault, battery and inappropriate restraint. In the U.S., state and local protective services investigated 3.6 million reports of child abuse or neglect in 2006. Of these, more than 900,000 children were identified as victims of child maltreatment. (Craig & Dunn, Ex.: 2010, p. 195) Parents are most likely to be perpetrators of child maltreatment: In 2006, 83% of victims were abused by a parent, either acting alone or with another person. Mothers are somewhat more likely than father to maltreat their children, in part because they spend more time with them. (Craig & Dunn, Ex.: 2010, p. 198) Physical abuse can have a number of long term effects. It can cause physical injury, brain damage, and may lead to emotional dev... ...le River, N.J. Developmental stages. Retrieved from http://doctorjung.org Effects of maltreatment on brain development. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.childwelfare.gov Effects of maltreatment on the brain. Retrieved from http://www.childwelfare.gov Effects on brain development [Educational report]. Retrieved from Yale psychiatric institute: http://www.lawandpsychiatry.com/html/hippocampus.htm Ericksonââ¬â¢s third stage of development. Retrieved from http://www.ehow.com How does physical abuse impact a child? (2008). Retrieved from www.healthyplace.com Lamont, A. (2010). Effects of child abuse and neglect for children and adolescents [Family study]. Retrieved from Australian institute of family studies: www.aifs.gov.au Perry, M.D., Ph.D., B. D. (2002). Helping traumatized children [Issue Brief]. Retrieved from The child trauma academy: www.childtrauma.org Abraham Mohrhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04826403973464524250noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7776055038911814820.post-72538380910379045702020-01-16T09:20:00.001-08:002020-01-16T09:20:03.688-08:00Birth Control and Abortion EssayOther times of birth control which are a little bit more complexes are the IUD anther more percent type of birth control is getting there tubes tied. There are other things that women can do if they do become pregnant and they choose they do not want to have a child at this time in their life. There are pills they can take five days after they have sex which can be bought over the counter at any drug store, There are also abortion pills that can be taken up to your 6th week of pregnancy, and last but not least a women has the choice to terminate a pregnancy by getting an abortion. Abortion is a big issue in todayââ¬â¢s times and it is also a topic that can make some feel one of many different types of emotions. Abortion can happen up until the 13 week of a pregnancy. Abortion is a permit solution in terminating a pregnancy it can also be damage a female in many different ways not only physically but mentally as well. Abortions are a way to terminate pregnancies but they should not be used as a type of birth control. There are many pros and cons of both situation and everyone women should look into their options Birth Control comes in many forms for both men and women. The most common for the two would be condoms and birth control pills. Women can also seek other methods like diaphragms, Depo-Provera shots, Norplantââ¬â¢s, Nuvarings, or even a birth control patch however; the most powerful form of birth control would be absence (Planned Parenthood Federation of America, 2007). All these methods are proven effective but may cause some side effects in some people. Birth Control Method| Common Side Effects| Depo-ProveraLess than 1 out of 100 women a year will become pregnant by taken the shot when directed. Cost: $35 ââ¬â 75Injected into the arm and last for 3 months. * Irregular bleeding especially within the first year. * Change in sex drive. * Change in appetite or weight gain. * Headaches * Nausea * Sore breast| Norplantââ¬â¢s (Implants)Less than 1 out of 100 women a year may become pregnant. Cost: $400-800Inserted into the arm and last for 3yrs. | * Change in sex drive. * Irregular bleeding within 6 to 12 months. * Discoloring or scarri ng where the implant was placed. * Rarely, an infection in the implant location. * Sore breast * Weight gain| Birth Control PillsFew as 1 in 100 women will become pregnant in a year if they use the pill effectively. Cost: $15-50 per monthMust take pill every day at same time to be most effective. | * Bleeding between periods. * Breast tenderness. * Nausea and/or vomiting| Condoms 2 out of 100 women may still become pregnant after using a condom correctlyCost: $1 eachCan be used by men. This device also prevent against sexual transmitted diseases. Female condoms are also available. | * Most common complaint is people are allergic to the latex which condoms are made from. * Condoms do break which forms no protection. | These are just a few of the outlined cost and complications that have been associated with different forms of birth control. Although, many have a great success record absence is the only method that is truly 100% effective. However, if women and men both actively participate in using contraceptives then they may avoid STDââ¬â¢s (with the use of condoms), and unwanted or unplanned pregnancies. Abortion is a medical procedure for any expecting mother to elect to have about her own body. The procedure can be performed up until the mother is in her second trimester. When a child is in the first trimester they weigh on average a 1/2 ounce and estimated to be 3 inches long (Just mommies, 2003-2012). During the first trimester the child also has a heartbeat that can be heard with ultrasonic devices. When a mother reached her second trimester the child is still growing developing more specific features. By the end of the second trimester the child will have developed all major organs (Just mommies, 2003-2012). Many people consider the abortion procedure to be immoral and wrong because it involves taking the life of an unborn child who has already developing in the womb. Over 7% of women just their reason for seeking an abortion because they were a victim of rape or incest and health concerns for the mother or baby (M, 2012). Many women who opt for this procedure may find themselves suffering from guilt or depression afterwards resulting in a life altering experience. For individual who donââ¬â¢t want to have children they have different types of birth control that can to prevent pregnancy. Birth control can come in a pill, patch, shot, surgical, internal, or abstinence. Birth control is not only for women but men as well. Men can use condoms to help protect them from getting women pregnant as well as protect themselves from sexually transmitted diseases. Men can also have a vasectomy which can cause them not to be able to produce children at all. Women have a similar procedure but it is called a tubal litigation. This prevents the woman from producing an egg and being fertilized. Each form of birth control comes with some type of side effect and it is best that the individual chooses what is comfortable for them. The side effects can vary depending on the individual and how their body adapts to the medication. Some women like to look at abortion as a type of birth control. There are different types of abortion and also different types of birth control. With abortion the different methods are used at each different point in pregnancy and may be performed different each time also. There are the first trimester abortions which can be suction aspiration or dilation and curettage also known as D&C. the suction aspiration is the most common surgical methods that is used in the first trimester abortions, this is when the cervix is numbed and stretched open. It allows the abortionist to suck the babyââ¬â¢s body out with a knife like plastic tube. During the suction the lining of the uterus may be torn away. The D&C methods are somewhat similar to the suction. The instrument used for this procedure is called a curette (a loop shaped steel knife) which is used to scrape the wall of the uterus. During this procedure the baby and the uterus if cut up into pieces and then sucked out. An abortion can also be performed with a chemical implantation. Abortions can take place in each stage of pregnancy and is performed in different ways according to the size of the baby and what stage you are at in your pregnancy. For the second trimester there is a procedure that is used that is similar to the D&C and it is called the D&E or dilation and evacuation. With this procedure the woman is given some type of sedative and the abortionist is dilates the women and use instruments such as forceps to pull the baby to pieces. There is also a late second and third trimester abortions. During the late second and third trimester abortions the abortionist uses instillation techniques which is injects lethal chemicals into the amniotic fluid by an amniocentesis, intra cardiac injections which stop the unborn heart or hysterectomies which are identical to a cesarean section and is intended to harm the child. These are only a few of the abortion techniques that are used but more exists. Birth control and abortions can help with decision making when it comes to having or not having children. Some individuals look at abortions and are totally against it and other may use it as a form of birth control. Women start out as teenagers using birth control to prevent early pregnancy or pregnancy at all. Both of these methods come with side effects and it should be strictly the individualââ¬â¢s choice to use either one. Abraham Mohrhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04826403973464524250noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7776055038911814820.post-38037614304861925112020-01-08T05:43:00.001-08:002020-01-08T05:43:03.249-08:00Personality Assessment And Awareness Can Have A Profound... Personality assessment and awareness can have a profound effect on organizational behavior. Employee motivation, attitude and job/employee satisfaction are areas that organizations must effectively manage and control, to grow and be effective. Employees also have a responsibility to themselves and the organization, to understand their personality, needs, strengths, and shortcomings. If this happens, employees can bring quality contributions to the organization and positively affect personal, group and workplace behavior. Section One Part One: What about me? My personality scores indicated that I am a highly extroverted, conscientious, emotionally intelligent and stable, highly creative type A+ personality. I have unsatisfied needs for growth, relatedness, and existence, with dominant needs for achievement and power, with slightly lesser needs for autonomy and affiliation. I possess a higher than average involvement in my job, where I am a diversity optimist that places high value on salvation, self-respect, happiness, truthfulness, education, and hard work. I work in a job with high motivating potential, where I am very confident in my abilities to succeed and constantly set realistic goals. I favor seeing individuals awarded, and am very flexible in perceptions of others (Robbins, 2009). Part Two: Working with others My communication style is very neutral; non-dominant, not argumentative, mildly animated, attentive and friendly. I possess goodShow MoreRelatedLeader Centric Versus Group Centric2725 Words à |à 11 PagesThroughout his entire life philosophical scholar Socrates was predominantly interested in ethics. He believed that self-knowledge is the sufficient condition to the good life. He identified knowledge with virtue. If knowledge can be learned, so can virtue. Thus, virtue can be taught. If this is indeed the case and virtue could be taught, then society should be able to be molded into a perfect image of humanity. We all aim to emulate Socrates ethical intellectualism, however according to Aristotleââ¬â¢sRead MoreWhat Makes A Person s Personality?1995 Words à |à 8 Pagesunique with their particular traits. Each person is constructed from various characteristics, which define a personââ¬â¢s personality. Even twins differ at some points. To und erstand human behaviors, many psychologists conducted surveys and models to classify personalities into categories. For example, Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) by psychologist Carl Jung is a popular personality inventory, which contains characteristics grouped into four scales of opposite poles: 1. Extroversion (E) / IntroversionRead MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words à |à 1573 Pages Organizational Behavior This page intentionally left blank Organizational Behavior EDITION 15 Stephen P. Robbins ââ¬âSan Diego State University Timothy A. Judge ââ¬âUniversity of Notre Dame i3iEi35Bj! Boston Columbus Indianapolis New York San Francisco Upper Saddle River Amsterdam Cape Town Dubai London Madrid Milan Munich Paris Montreal Toronto Delhi Mexico City Sao Paulo Sydney Hong Kong Seoul Singapore Taipei Tokyo Editorial Director: Sally Yagan Director of Editorial Services:Read MoreHow Change Is An Tool For Organisational Development And The Pace Of Change Essay9720 Words à |à 39 Pagesoutcomes and performance, improves service quality, enhances employee satisfaction, moral and engagement and also develops an organisation in general, considering the world as a global village. However, introducing change will depend heavily on the awareness of change, readiness and finally the capacity of the change agent. Research has shown that a key factor as far as organisational change is concern, is employeeââ¬â¢s commitment and that creating a committed workforce in the midst of changes has becomeRead MoreEthical Leadership And Ethical Decision Making Are A Challenge For Any Organization Or Institution Essay6614 Words à |à 27 Pageschallenge for any organization or institution. Within your professional area/industry, analyze how and why ethical practices and behaviors are critical to your d iscipline and to the success of organizations. Justify your response in detail with three examples of current ethical practices and discuss the key theoretical concepts and industry guidelines involved. These examples can be from your own professional experience or through research of the literature of case studies. Support your statements andRead MoreEthical Leadership And Ethical Decision Making Essay7037 Words à |à 29 Pageschallenge for any organization or institution. Within your professional area/industry, analyze how and why ethical practices and behaviors are critical to your discipline and to the success of organizations. Justify your response in detail with three examples of current ethical practices and discuss the key theoretical concepts and industry guidelines involved. These examples can be from your own professional experience or through research of the literature of case studies. Support your statements andRead MoreLeadership Development Model Of Bass And Avolio9476 Words à |à 38 PagesCHAPTER TWO LITERATURE REVIEW 2.0 INTRODUCTION Hayward (2005) pointed out that the studies on leadership have been ongoing as far back as early 1900. This is prompted by the fact that man has always sought to answer what is it about a leader that distinguishes him or her from another leader, what it is about an individual that makes him or her a leader, why do some leaders fail and why do some other leaders excel etc. In attempt to provide answers to these questions, several leadership theories andRead MoreDeveloping Management Skills404131 Words à |à 1617 Pages mymanagementlab is an online assessment and preparation solution for courses in Principles of Management, Human Resources, Strategy, and Organizational Behavior that helps you actively study and prepare material for class. Chapter-by-chapter activities, including built-in pretests and posttests, focus on what you need to learn and to review in order to succeed. Visit www.mymanagementlab.com to learn more. DEVELOPING MANAGEMENT SKILLS EIGHTH EDITION David A. 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Which problems might it not solve? 2 TABLE OF CONTENT PAGE NO EXECUTIVE SUMMARYâ⬠¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦...4 INTRODUCTIONâ⬠¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦.5 LITERATURE REVIEWâ⬠¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦12 ANALYSIS DISCUSSIONâ⬠¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦ Abraham Mohrhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04826403973464524250noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7776055038911814820.post-50373864862946123002019-12-31T02:09:00.001-08:002019-12-31T02:09:02.747-08:00Fraction Tests and Worksheets Abraham Mohrhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04826403973464524250noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7776055038911814820.post-61735067797607659882019-12-22T21:55:00.001-08:002019-12-22T21:55:03.440-08:00The Contributions Of Descartes And Hume - 3394 Words The contributions of Descartes and Hume towards the issue of establishing: the existence of God Introduction: Arguments for and against the existence of god have been proposed by philosophers, theologians, scientists and others for thousands of years. In Philosophy, these arguments involve primarily the disciplines of Epistemology and Ontology and can be categorized as metaphysical, logical, empirical, or subjective. The epistemic arguments place different restrictions on our ability have knowledge, some arguing for conditions that allow the possibility for one to have knowledge of God, and hence, prove his existence, others placing restrictions on our knowledge, hence arguing that itââ¬â¢s not possible to have knowledge of god therefore proving he cannot exist. The most prominent of these arguments for/against the existence of god can be separated into four types. Firstly, the ââ¬Ëcosmological argumentsââ¬â¢ which explain the existence of the universe in reference to a being on whom all else depends for itââ¬â¢s existence (Routledge, 2000, p.758). Secondly, there are the ââ¬Ëteleological argumentsââ¬â¢ also known as the ââ¬Ëarguments from designââ¬â¢, that posit an intelligent creator/designer of the physical world. Third, the ââ¬Ëontological argumentsââ¬â¢ which concentrate on the idea of a perfect being that it is illogical to deny that such a being exists (Routledge, 2000, p.758). Last are ââ¬Ëmoral argumentsââ¬â¢ for the existence of god, which argue that- if God does not exist, objective moral values donââ¬â¢tShow MoreRelatedRene Descartes And Kant1013 Words à |à 5 Pagesstudying, a common theme present amongst Renà © Descartes, David Hume, and Immanuel Kant is the fact that all three philosopher s challenged the traditional ways of thinking about philosophy respective to their eras. In certain aspects, all three of these philosophers also grappled with understanding, discovering, and logically explaining the power of the mind to shape whole truths. From Descartesââ¬â¢ foundational work with methodological doubt to Kantââ¬â¢s contribution to previous philosophical concepts such asRead MoreEssay about Rationalism and Empiricism1486 Words à |à 6 Pagesphilosophers of epistemology are Rene Descartes and David Hume, the former being a rationalist, and the latter an empiricist. In this paper I will attempt to give an understanding of both rationalism and empiricism, show the ideas and contributions each of the men made to their respective schools, and hopefully give my personal reasoning why one is more true than the other. Rationalism was developed by several important philosophers all around the 17th century. Descartes, Spinoza, and Leibnitz are allRead MoreDavid Hume And Renee Descartes s Theories Of Knowledge And Ideas1356 Words à |à 6 PagesPhilosophers David Hume and Renee Descartes have opposing views about the origination of ideas. Hume claims that all ideas are copies of impressions, which come from sensation. Descartes disagrees with this, arguing that in order to obtain knowledge, there must be a rational method for obtaining it, and that the senses are not a reliable source. This essay will present both philosopherââ¬â¢s arguments and compare and contrast each perspective regarding matters of knowledge and ideas. I will then argueRead MoreKant vs Aristotle1314 Words à |à 6 Pagesexistence and the material world. Through these individual theories I will show how each fits into the category of either Rationalist or Imperialist. The Plutonian philosophers to be discussed will includ e Descartes, Spinoza, and Leibniz. And the Aristotelian philosophers will include Locke, Berkeley and Hume. Plato, a philosopher of the 17th century, contended that Opinion at its best is a matter of probability, and knowledge at its least is entirely sure (Lamprecht, 1955, p. 43) For Plato, knowledgeRead MoreEssay about Discuss How Psychology Developed as a Scientific Discipline1127 Words à |à 5 Pagespsychology as a science is Renà © Descartes; a French philosopher and mathematician. Descartes was most influential in his recognition of the body and mind being two separate entities. Descartes differed from other philosophers in his proposal of dualism as he recognised that there is interaction between mind and matter, which was key in the development of psychology as a science as it lead to two principles in psychology: introspectionism and behaviourism. Whilst Descartes emphasised rationalism, JohnRead MoreHume and Knowledge Creation766 Words à |à 3 PagesHume and knowledge creation The dominant work by Hume was his A Treatise of Human Nature, in this work he attempted to construct a science of man that contrasted with the ideas of Descartes and other enlightenment thinkers. The pillar of Humes divergence was anchoring knowledge in empiricism rather than rationality. Hume argued that desire instead of rationality was the foundation of human nature. This essential departure from his peers is important to understanding the work of Hume. In thisRead MoreThe Philosophers Who Contrubuted to the Development of Behaviorism891 Words à |à 4 Pagesteacher of sorts. Descartes (1596-1650) was taken with Platoââ¬â¢s rationalism, as well as his views on dualism. The idea that the mind and body interacted with one another led to his own thoughts on how they might be structured, placing the body as subservient to the mind. This intern led Descartes to develop his famous declaration, ââ¬Å"I think therefore I am.â⬠This idea further propelled future thinkers to examine the separation of mind and body. Hobbes (1588-1679) rejected much of Descartesââ¬â¢ work, most especiallyRead MoreWhy Psychology Is Important For Mental Health Professionals2300 Words à |à 10 Pageshoped that our contributions today will benefit the people of tomorrow. Contributions of Descartes, Locke and Hume to Psychology Rene Descartes Rene Descartes lived in the early 17th century near the end of the Renaissance era (Goodwin, 2015). According to Goodwin (2015), Descartes seemed to be more of a scientist than a philosopher in his younger years. He was not satisfied with accepting the unchallenged truth of others and he was committed to finding things out for himself. Descartes wrote his DiscourseRead MoreHistory of Modern Psychology Essay754 Words à |à 4 Pagesat the present time. Many philosophers can be credited to the development of this science. Starting in the early 18th and 19th centuries philosophers such as Reneââ¬â¢ Descartes and John Locke opened the world of what we know as psychology today. The British empiricists also contributed to psychology. Some of these men include David Hume and David Hartley. Psychology has a long past, yet its real history is short. ââ¬âHermann Ebbinghaus 1908 Key Issues in Psychologyââ¬â¢s History A psychologist/historianRead MoreModern Psychology : The Scientific Study Of Mind And Behaviour1637 Words à |à 7 Pagesnext philosopher to make a contribution that would have an impact on the emergence of modern psychology was the French philosopher, mathematician and scientist, Rene Descartes. His contribution has seen him labelled by some as the founder of modern psychology (Prado, 2009). During the 17TH century under the encouragement of Descartes, one of the most influential rationalists of this period, interactions of the body and mind provoked multitudinous debates. Descartes accepted dualism, the metaphysical Abraham Mohrhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04826403973464524250noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7776055038911814820.post-32148663085151012562019-12-14T18:25:00.001-08:002019-12-14T18:25:04.670-08:00Mexican Immigrant Life and Americanization in the 1920ââ¬â¢s Free Essays In his book, Major Problems in Mexican American History, Zaragosa Vargas describes the Mexican Immigrant experience from 1917-1928. He begins by assessing the Protestant religious experience for a Mexican in the early 1920ââ¬â¢s, and then describes Mexican life in both Colorado in 1924 and Chicago in 1928. After defending Mexican Immigrants in 1929, he includes an outline of an Americanization program, followed by an anecdote of a Mexican immigrant in the 1920ââ¬â¢s. We will write a custom essay sample on Mexican Immigrant Life and Americanization in the 1920ââ¬â¢s or any similar topic only for you Order Now Vargas uses these documents to show the evolvement of Americanization of Mexicans from a community goal to a societal demand. Vargas begins with the Mexican Immigrant experience in the early 1920ââ¬â¢s, and describes it mostly as a community project spearheaded by the Church and called for the aid of volunteers. The children learned and studied English in school, so the programs focused mostly on courses in English for the wives and mothers of the community. These English courses consisted mostly of vocabulary for familiar and most frequently seen objects. Sunday schools resulted from this process, and in turn made way for the development of night schools, clinics, an employment bureau, and a boys and girlââ¬â¢s club. In Colorado in 1924, Mexicans played a respectable role in society as not only a decent part of the population, but also the labor force. Spanish-Americans took a notable part in politics, and were involved in many occupations that included mostly agriculture, mining, and steel works. The recreation was also important to Spanish-American life in Colorado; the somewhat newly developed buildings were a source of community for many. Mexicans in Chicago in 1928, Vargas argues, lived a very different lifestyle and endured different hardships than the Mexicans in the Southwest. They were a much smaller part of the community, consisting of small, well-defined neighborhoods and several smaller less defined colonies. These Mexicans lived in the poorest houses in these neighborhoods, and most buildings guaranteed poor living conditions for these families. Employment only came certain times during the year when demand for labor was high, and it was the Mexicans who suffered most when certain industries reduced labor. In the words of Anita Edgar Jones, ââ¬Å"They are the last to arrive and the first to be laid offâ⬠(Vargas). Mexican Life in Chicago during this time period served as a temporary solution for many families as they moved from recent arrivals to a more desirable place with better opportunity as they became more established and stabilized. Some neighborhoods were poorly organized for recreation, and even lacked Spanish-speaking employees at their community or recreation centers. Communities also lacked a Spanish-speaking priest, which is evidently different from early Americanization programs implemented in the Southwest in the early 1920ââ¬â¢s. After addressing and defending most of the problems of Mexican Immigration in 1929, Vargas moves on to an outline of a typical Americanization program in 1931, where the Mexican Immigrant experience evolved from a community project that supported and encouraged Mexican assimilation, to a list of demands and requirements for Mexican and Spanish Americans to be acceptable members of society. Vargas uses these documents to show the progression of assimilation of Spanish Americans and Mexican immigrants into American society in the 1920ââ¬â¢s. The life of a Mexican Immigrant during this time was very taxing, and these Americanization programs were used as a tool to attempt to create a society that operated under certain ideologies and values. As a result, this created an even stronger division between cultures, and prevented assimilation of the two groups. How to cite Mexican Immigrant Life and Americanization in the 1920ââ¬â¢s, Essay examples Abraham Mohrhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04826403973464524250noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7776055038911814820.post-91255538868707328202019-12-06T14:49:00.001-08:002019-12-06T14:49:02.763-08:00Achieving the Potential of Health Care Performance Measures Question: Discuss about Achieving The Potential of Health Care Performance Measures? Answer: The nursing industry is readily evolving at a rapid pace. It is one of the highest populated fields in the healthcare sector. Millions of people are employed in the area of nursing. The evolution of medical science calls for a change in the infrastructure of nursing. Traditionally speaking, the nursing industry has always been limited to the presently prevailing demand and supply rate. The field follows a reductionist approach as opposed to a holistic approach (Naim, 2014). According to the Wolf report in 2003, the requirements of the present work are unforeseen. Significant changes are waiting for approval from administrative bodies. The evolving factors are challenging the practitioners, educators as well as learners. To identify the issues and resolve them this report discusses the evolutionary work of the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation Committee Initiative on the Future of Nursing and the Institute of Medicine research that led to the IOM report, Future of Nursing: Leading Change , Advancing Health. (Berenson et al., 2013) Discussion of Robert Wood Johnson Foundation Committee Initiative In 2008, a collaborative approach was initiated by the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation Committee and the Institute of Medicine (Hickey et al., 2014). This method focused on assessing and responding to the need for transformation in the field of nursing. The field is failing to meet the set benchmark for the futuristic approach. Nurses are capable of generating a widespread transformation in the industry by supporting futuristic practice patterns, but they are held back by several regulatory barriers. This initiative aims to identify the barriers and propose recommendations to fix them. The report discusses the importance of elevating the scope of education and training in nursing. The educational approaches towards nursing are varied. To attain the license, students can take any approach that suits their educational structure. The idea is to raise the bar in education and training to ensure that each nurse coming out of the program is equipped enough to handle tough situations that may require deeper involvement. To ensure a balanced medical environment, there should be a partnership between the nurses, the medical practitioners, and the staff. To ensure equal partnership stabilizing the workforce is of utmost importance but that requires functional workforce planning and policy making. This, in turn, requires accumulation of quantifiable data regarding the currently employed workforce (Hoyle Johnson, 2015). State-based action coalition State-based action coalition can help in implementing the recommendations suggested in the report submitted by the collaborated association of the committee and the IOM (Cramer et al., 2013). The newly suggested coalition points join hands with the pre-existing coalitions to form a strong basic infrastructure. Every state is coming up with new plans to implement the coalition points. The state-based action coalition programs are focused on the particular states looking to follow up on the recommendations. The action coalitions are the driving force in the state-based implementation of the recommendations. A diverse group of stakeholders is included in the approach to amass the best practices, identify the research needs, track the lessons learned and replicate functionally supreme models (campaignforaction.org, 2016). Alabamas progress report In the field of nursing education Alabama has made progress in the right direction. Many initiatives have been taken to ensure high quality education in health care services. The aim is to increase the number of highly educated nurses in the medical sector. Leadership qualities are necessary for nursing, but this is something that is highly underrepresented in the industry. Alabama has recognized the need to communicate the value of leadership to the community and is acting to develop competencies in the industry and identify the available opportunities. The state has recognized the need for enhanced nursing practice and developed strategic partnerships to help the same. The goal of the state is to increase the population's access to high quality cost-effective care, and Alabama is creating proactive, collaborative plans to ensure the same. Including diverse forces of nursing is not the norm in Alabama but the state is utilizing the recommendations of the initiative to create a diver se workforce. Professional data repository has been identified as a requirement, and the state is adapting to implement the required ideas (campaignforaction.org, 2016). Two initiatives of Alabama Two remarkable initiatives of Alabama can be viewed in Capstone College of Nursing at the University of Alabama and Alabama Nurse Leaders in Education and Practice. In the first instance, the focus is on improving the educational aspect. The 80 by 20 task force brings together community college and University nursing leaders to overcome educational hurdles in degree programs. The ANLEP provides expert guidelines, mission and vision principles as well as priorities to create a leadership base that is robust and functionally high on expertise level. While the first initiative helps build a strong educational base which can help bring the nursing field to the futuristic forefront, the second initiative looks to create high-end leadership goals for the future nurse and healthcare staff to follow (Giger, 2014). Problems and their solutions In Alabama as in the other states of the US, the structure of the nursing industry is disorganized and could use some reforms. The recommendations of Robert Wood Johnson Foundation Committee Initiative facilitate the identification of the issues and resolving them with the help of the guidance of the recommendations. The leadership structure is not present in Alabama, and the educational structure is not as strong as is required. Partnership as well is not encouraged. But with the implementation of the recommendations, the scenario is becoming better each day and the state is becoming the primary choice for nursing professionals (Hamric et al., 2013). Conclusion The nursing industry is lacking in proper infrastructure and functionality in Alabama and all the other USA states. With the help of the recommendations from the collaborated efforts of Robert Wood Johnson Foundation Committee and IOM, the states are changing their medical infrastructure. Levels of education and training are improving along with partnership options. Workforce planning and reconstruction of the inherent policies are becoming commonplace in the nursing industry. Aided by the recommendations, the states are on the way of improving the ancient sector of healthcare. The future of nursing is fast approaching, and the states are readying themselves handle the change in the scenario. Reference Berenson, r. A., pronovost, p. J., krumholz, h. M. (2013). Achieving The Potential Of Health Care Performance Measures: the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation. Campaignforaction.org,. (2016).Future of Nursing | Campaign for Action. Retrieved 3 March 2016, from https://campaignforaction.org/ Cramer, M. E., Lazure, L., Morris, K. J., Valerio, M., Morris, R. (2013). Conceptual models to guide best practices in organization and development of State Action Coalitions.Nursing outlook,61(2), 70-77. Giger, J. N. (2014).Transcultural nursing: Assessment and intervention. Elsevier Health Sciences. Hamric, A. B., Hanson, C. M., Tracy, M. F., O'Grady, E. T. (2013).Advanced practice nursing: An integrative approach. Elsevier Health Sciences. Hickey, K. T., Hodges, E. A., Thomas, T. L., Coffman, M. J., Taylor-Piliae, R. E., Johnson-Mallard, V. M., ... Gates, M. G. (2014). Initial evaluation of the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation Nurse Faculty Scholars program.Nursing outlook,62(6), 394-401. Hoyle, C., Johnson, G. (2015). Building skills in organizational and systems changes: A DNP-FNP clinical curriculum.The Nurse Practitioner,40(4), 14-23. Nairn, S. (2014). Nursing and the new biology: towards a realist, antià ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã reductionist approach to nursing knowledge.Nursing Philosophy,15(4), 261-273. Abraham Mohrhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04826403973464524250noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7776055038911814820.post-45450507740087694802019-11-29T04:05:00.001-08:002019-11-29T04:05:03.242-08:00Napster.Com Essays - Metallica, Napster, Web 2.0, Napster.Com Napster.com The Napster software (http://www.napster.com), launched early in 1999, allows internet users to share and download MP3 files directly from any computer connected to the Napster network. The software is used by downloading a client program from the Napster site and then connecting to the network through this software, which allows sharing (uploading and downloading) of MP3 files between all users connected to the network. While Napster does not condone copyright infringement, there is no opportunity in the software to stop this, or for royalties to be paid to artists whose songs are being duplicated for free. Unlike similar file-sharing applications (Gnutella, Freenet), Napster limits users to uploading/downloading of MP3 files only. These files are compressed wave (.wav) files. The advantage of MP3 files is that they are approximately one-tenth the size of the corresponding .wav file and can be close-to-CD-quality. It is for this reason that many artists, record labels and other music industry stakeholders are concerned by the MP3 file format and applications like Napster that simplify the sharing of copyrighted material. Other file formats in common use on the Internet are not as threatening to the recording industry; primarily due to the reduced quality of the recording. Real audio (.ra, .rm) files have reduced sound quality (comparable to radio) and are usually streamed over a different protocol, allowing people to listen to songs without having (or being able) to download the source files. Another 'music' file format common on the internet is the midi format. These files are of no threat to the music industry because the files are not actually a recording of the music; rather a set of instructions to the computer as to what sounds to play (and there is no way to duplicate vocal tracks). This file format is also becoming outdated and being used less and less. The reaction from recording artists, record labels and other music industry players has been varied, but primarily anti-Napster. The first action to be taken against Napster was by the band Metallica. In April of this year, they sued Napster Inc for copyright infringement. The case was settled out of court when Napster agreed to ban some 300,000 users who had allegedly downloaded Metallica songs. Again in June Napster Inc was sued for copyright infringement by The Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA), a trade group representing the US recording industry, alleging Napster is enabling and encouraging the illegal copying and distribution of copyrighted music. Napster claims that Audio Home Recording Act that permits copying of material for personal use, allows it's uses to swap MP3s. Napster further claims immunity by defining the company as an ISP under the Digital Millennium Copyright Act. The RIAA unsuccessfully applied to have an injunction to stop Napster's operations u ntil after the court case in September, so Napster will continue to operate until (and if) the court rules against Napster. Other artists and record labels (http://www.napster.com/speakout/artists.html and http://www.napster.com/speakout/labels.html) have responded to the advent of Napster and similar applications in a more positive way, embracing the new technology rather than rejecting it. On their website, the Offspring says MP3 technology and programs such as Napster [are] a vital and necessary means to promote music and foster better relationships with our fans. Interestingly enough, the Offspring's last album, Americana, was made available online illegally before commercially released, yet it is the band's best-selling album to date. Furthermore, a number of surveys have proven that Napster users actually buy more CDs, after 'sampling' the songs online (http://www.theregister.co.uk/content/1/12093.html). It is this issue that is at the core of the RIAA lawsuit, whether Napster and similar applications will mean reduced CD sales. Napster does challenge the traditional distribution of music (CDs, cass ettes, vinyl etc) but whether this should be viewed as a threat or simply a new medium to be exploited by the music industry is another issue. Some record labels, most notably Epitaph (http://www.epitaph.com) have partnered with sites like e-music.com to sell full albums and single songs in MP3 format over the web. In this case, the record company has in fact gained a new distribution method, rather than seeing it as the 'enemy'. Of course, in this scenario, the record company still gets a cut Abraham Mohrhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04826403973464524250noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7776055038911814820.post-40469493297096556942019-11-25T11:39:00.001-08:002019-11-25T11:39:03.358-08:00Essay Sample on Job Design ImprovementEssay Sample on Job Design Improvement Repetitive work for 8 hours a day, day after day can often cause health problems for employees as well as lead to ineffectiveness. In order to reduce the negative impact of monotonous jobs, improve the organization of tasks to streamline efficiency, job design concept was introduced. Job design and work organization is the specification of the contents, method and relationships of jobs to satisfy technological and organizational requirements as well as the personal needs of job holders (Accel Team). Job design is about the ways to organize a set of tasks, or an entire job. Some argue that job design improves workersââ¬â¢ motivation and dedication to work. However, at a closer examination, job design can only contribute to the better efficiency within an organization, eliminate some health problems, but will not impact employee morale and enthusiasm at work. Rearranging activities can help alleviate fatigue and/or boredom according to Environmental Health and Safety Office (University of Toronto). For example, ergonomically designed workstations will not eliminate all problems for individuals who continuously perform repetitive, monotonous work. Generally, health complaints can be significantly reduced if workers are given a variety of tasks, and some control over their work. Approaches to job design improvement include job enlargement, job rotation, job enrichment and work design. Job enlargement includes more and different tasks. Job enlargement may or may not give employees more responsibility but should increase interest to the work. Job rotation assumes moving employees from one task to another, distributing the group tasks among a number of employees. Job enrichment allows employees to assume more accountability, responsibility, and independence when learning new tasks and allows for greater participation and new opportunities. Work design allows employees to see how the work methods, handling procedures, and work layout are linked together as well as the interaction between machines and people. Currently companies offer job design consulting services, which cover writing job descriptions, constructing job competencies, determining standards of performance, designing effective reward packages, drawing up employment contracts. (Business and Training Solutions Ltd.). As one can see, the primary role of job design approaches is to speed up the processes and make the most out of every employees work. Thus employee morale and motivation are not the primary focus and result of the job design concept application, although they may appear as a side-effect. If you need a custom essay, research paper, thesis, dissertation, term paper on Sociology, Management or other discipline feel free to contact our professional custom writing service. Abraham Mohrhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04826403973464524250noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7776055038911814820.post-9474545900741939272019-11-21T19:03:00.001-08:002019-11-21T19:03:02.888-08:00Adding Value through Diversity Management, Ethical Behaviours, and AssignmentAdding Value through Diversity Management, Ethical Behaviours, and Organisational Commitment - Assignment Example According to the discussionà employee resourcing is defined in various ways, including what it is basically composed of, what it should be, and what it actually is. Armstrong provided a straightforward definition of the role of resourcing in supporting company operations and objectives: ââ¬Å"Resourcing is what organisations do to ensure they have the people they need.â⬠Employee resourcing includes recruitment, selection, and retention strategies.This paper stresses thatà employee resourcing can improve performance through adopting diversity management strategies. From recruiting to hiring, a diversity management perspective allows HR to look for and hire from as varied pools of applicants as possible. This relates to Equal Opportunity principle, where biases and discrimination are removed from HR policies and practices. Wilson gave the UK National Health Service as an illustration of international diversity management. She stressed that the NHS is ââ¬Å"largest single em ployer within the UK, employing over a million people ââ¬â 5 percent of the working population ââ¬â in numerous careers. The NHS reaps the benefits of tapping competent and experienced people from all over the world, while migrant workers gain helpful education and experience. Benefits flow both ways for the NHS case. Furthermore, selecting diverse people enhances creativity. Google is known for its diversity management in hiring and selecting people. Abraham Mohrhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04826403973464524250noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7776055038911814820.post-30969767003916692302019-11-20T16:32:00.001-08:002019-11-20T16:32:04.380-08:00Global Warming Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 wordsGlobal Warming - Assignment Example dence on rising sea level that threatens to displace people along seashores and submerge cities and resources along the shores is an example because residents of the area fear for their stakes and the resources have massive significance on economies. Evidence on rising temperatures and have informed the public of the need for a solution because of effects of temperature on agriculture and health. High temperatures do not favour agriculture, a major source of food, and is therefore a threat to food security and increases susceptibility to some infections. In addition, evidence on effects of global warming on biodiversity has also influenced public opinion on needs for a solution. States and local politicians such as governors and state legislators have been active in efforts towards addressing global warming. In California and many other states, strong legislations have been enacted for cleaner air and climate change, some stronger that federal laws on environmental issues. Schwarzeneggerââ¬â¢s California State is the leading and states enjoy support from local leaders for environmentally friendly policies (Davoudi, Crawford and Mehmood 125, 126). Corporations and environmentalists have assumed different perspectives in efforts to address global warming issue. With leading efforts from environmental scientists, environmental groups have advocated for efforts to manage global warming through addressing its major causes and they have used evidence to create awareness and campaign for policy changes by government agencies and social responsibility by the corporate sector. Corporations have however opposed efforts to control global warming because of the adverse economic effects that they are likely to suffer. This is because industrial activities into greenhouse gas emissions are some of the major identified causes of global warming. In response to evidence and advocacy of environmental groups and legislative measures, corporations have argued that scientific evidence Abraham Mohrhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04826403973464524250noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7776055038911814820.post-25694204525096375392019-11-18T15:24:00.001-08:002019-11-18T15:24:05.058-08:00Software Technology Evaluation Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 wordsSoftware Technology Evaluation - Research Paper Example More specifically, organizations are becoming aware of the threats that peer-to-peer software poses to their networks and users who download or upload files. With regard to the request the client made, it is reasonable to have concern over users who install file sharing software without receiving the authority to do so. This is because there are many threats that target files sharing software, which can harm computer users and the corporate resources, as well. While peer-to-peer file sharing software is popular, their mechanisms of operations offer significant opportunities for hackers to perform exploits that can harm its users. More specifically, such software like uTorrent, Bit Torrent and other popular files sharing softwares can allow propagation of malicious codes such as worms, and spyware. File sharing software can also help hackers carry out intrusion into host computers where they can steal data. Unauthorized installation of file sharing software can expose the host compute rs to peer-to-peer worms that can affect the users of the network. Over years, file sharing community has been facing the problem of peer-to-peer worms that exploit the vulnerability of hosts in the peer-to-peer network (Salomon, 2010). ... In most cases, peer-to-peer networks have scanning worms, which can use the peer-to-peer software to exploit network vulnerability. Indiscriminate and unauthorized installation of file sharing software can introduce spyware into the corporate network. It is has been argued that users install spyware software unknowingly because some get installed along free software or files sharing applications (Baskin & Piltzecker, 2006). More often than not, developers of spyware use free software as a way of distributing their spyware programs that hope to exploit unsuspecting users. Because of this approach, unauthorized installation of file sharing software can introduce spyware into the corporate computers such as desktops and laptops (Appleman, 2004). The problem of spyware entails monitoring and sharing of information on the user of the system. This means that a spyware can monitor the use of an infected computer and share the information with the developer of the spyware. Through this appro ach, the organization can lose valuable information that could be used against it by its competitors or hackers for criminal acts. While there other ways that spyware can penetrate the corporate network, unauthorized installation of files sharing network is the most covert way of installing spyware on any computer, whether a desktop or laptop computer. Installation of file sharing software on a corporate network can allow hackers to penetrate the network and execute other functions that harm computers connected to the network. While computers users can install new file sharing software to use for distributing materials on the internet, there are high chances that hackers can use the software to gain access to the network resources such as servers or desktop Abraham Mohrhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04826403973464524250noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7776055038911814820.post-41276610913388544452019-11-16T03:57:00.001-08:002019-11-16T03:57:09.803-08:00Attachment Theory Analysis Development And Application Psychology EssayAttachment Theory Analysis Development And Application Psychology Essay This paper focuses on the concept of attachment theory. We begin with an analysis of what it is and its development and the founders and important people who have applied and developed it. We then present its applications in the modern psychology. Attachment can be defined as the emotional bond that connects one person with another. This theory was first advanced by psychologist John Bowl by and he described it as a lasting psychological connectedness between human beings (Bowlby, 1969). He believed that the initial bond that is formed by children with their parent or caregivers have very important impact upon their entire lives. According to him, the attachment is very fundamental in ensuring that the childs chances of survival are enhanced. The main theme in the theory of attachment revolves around the notion that mothers who are responsive and available to the needs of their children usually establish some sense of security. The infant are therefore ware of the fact that such a bond with a dependable parent or caregiver is important for their security and safety. This gives them a well secured platform to explore the world at large. The main characteristics of attachment Secure base This is when the caregiver or parent provides a dependable and secure base for the child to explore the world. Safe haven This is exhibited when the child feels afraid and threatened. They do therefore turn back to their caregiver to seek comfort Maintenance of proximity This is exhibited when the child makes efforts to be as close to the caregiver or parent as much as possible in order to keep themselves safe. Distress of separation The Ainsworths theory of Strange Situation Mary Ainsworth, a psychologist in 1970s carried out research that expounded immensely on the work of Bowlbys. Her famous theory of Strange Situation revealed that there is a notable effects of attachment on the human behavior. The study which she conducted entailed an observation of children aged between 12 and 18 months who were being watched as they responded to various situations in which they were left alone for a short period of time. The infants were then reunited with their mothers as pointed out by (Ainsworth, 1978). On the basis of the observed responses, Ainsworth came up with three main styles of attachment which were: Secure attachment Ambivalent-insecure attachment Avoidant-insecure attachment However, later on, the work of Main and Solomon (1986) saw the addition of an extra style of attachment referred to as disorganized-insecure attachment. Several other studies have shown that the various attachment styles have a profound influence on the behavior of humans in their later lives. Detailed characteristics of attachments Secure attachment Children who are securely attached do exhibit a lot of distress when they get separated from their caregivers. They do however become happy on the return of their caregiver. It is worth pointing out the fact that these children do feel secure and are able to depend entirely on their parents ar caregivers. Whenever the caregiver or parent leaves, they may feel upset but with the knowledge and hope that their caregiver would soon come back. In case they get frightened by anything, these securely attached children would seek the comfort and protection of their caregivers. They know their parents and caregivers and their ability to provide them with assurance and comfort. Ambivalent attachment The ambivalently attached children normally do become distressed whenever their caregivers leave them. This form of attachment is usually uncommon and is therefore observable in just a small percentage of American children. It has been shown through research that ambivalent children are a product of poor maternal availability. These children however, cannot rely on their parents availability for their needs to be met. Avoidant attachment This form of attachment is characterized with children who try at all costs to avoid their parents or primary caregivers. In case they get offered a chance, they would show no form of preference between their caregivers and new people who are considered total strangers. Research work has indicated that this form of attachment comes about as a result of a neglectful or abusive caregiver. This therefore means that children who get penalized or punished fpor their reliance on their caregivers would soon learn to avoid seeking their help in the future. The problems with attachment There are a myriad of problems that affects attachments. The questions that most people may ask are what happens to infant who do not form some form of secure attachment. Extant literature suggests that in case there is a failure to be part of a secure attachment during infancy, then there is bound to be negative impact on the behavior of the affected individual. This is notable in the early childhood as well as during adulthood. The children who are diagnosed with oppositional-defiant disorder (ODD), post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) or conduct disorder (CD) usually show signs of attachment related problems. This is possibly as a result of : Early abuse Neglect and Trauma. It has been suggested by clinicians that early attachments do have very serious effects on the future relationships .For example, people who are securely attached during their childhood do tend to have positive qualities such as: Good self esteem Strong romantic relationships Ability to disclose oneself to other people. It has been suggested by several theorists that the attachment theory is a special kind of psychological theory that gives a description as well as explanation to be used as a theoretical framework necessary for discussing the various types of affectionate relationships that do exist between individuals. This theory which got its origin from John Bowlby in 1969 has continued to be influential as a logical framework to be utilized in the explanation of interpersonal relationships as pointed out by (Hazan, Shaver, 1987). Bowlbys theory was heavily influenced by the work of Harry Harlow. Harlow is the one who made a discovery that infant monkeys that got separated from their caregivers (mothers) ended up clinging to objects that were as fluffy as their mothers as opposed to the wire-coated food sispensers.This was a strong indication that the infants had a strong need to be nurtured as poited out by Harlow Suomi (1970).It was the belief of Bowlby that the attachment style of an individual is developed in their childhood and gets heavy influence by the infants relationship with the primary caregiver. His other belief was that an individual style of attachment is durable and has a strong influence on the way the person would relate to others through our their life time (Bowlby, 1969).There are however some theorist who challenge this notion. Secure attachment style This is the very first attachment style. Individuals who are securely attached have very low self esteem coupled with low avoidance. They however have positive attitudes towards themselves and towards the rest of the people. In order to promote secure attachment in children, it is important for the primary caregivers to be dependable, supportive and provide a safe haven as pointed out by Bartholomew Horowitz (1991). Ainsworths strange situation study revealed that securely attached children are characterized by several behaviors such as protestation of their caregivers departure while having the ability to begin being in happy mood only to welcome the departed caregiver and be reassured once again of their comfort as outlined by Tracy Ainsworth (1981). There are other benefits that come with being securely attached. These include the ability to form very close and intimate relationships with very little ease while being comfortable with the autonomy. Secure adults usually feel like they are worthless and have expectations that other persons will be accepting while being responsive at the same time as outlined by (Hazan Shaver, 1987). The diminishing attachment style This form of attachment is characterized by individuals who have low anxiety coupled with a rather high avoidance. Therefore, they do have a positive attitude towards their existence. They however do have a high avoidance of others. This form of attachment is observable in children and is formed whenever an infants bid to gain comfort are rejected and their primary care givers are hesitant and generally reluctant to allow body contact between them. This makes them to pick up their young ones in very abrupt manner. There is also an element of controlling behavior with very limited emotional response as indicated by (Hazan Shaver, 1987). An observation by Ainsworth shown that children who are dismissing had a characteristic of not being distressed by the departure of their caregivers and they were also not too much bothered by their return. This observation was reported by (Tracy Ainsworth, 1981). In adults It is also a general fact that adults who belong to the category of the dismissing individuals do feel a certain sense of worthiness. They however possess a very negative disposition towards other individuals. They do have a self protection mechanism that involves the avoidance of very close relationships and the maintenance of a general sense of independence coupled with invulnerability. The preoccupied (Fearful avoidant attachment styles) This third attachment style is referred to as the preoccupied style. These persons do experience a very high level of anxiety coupled with low avoidance. Therefore they get preoccupied and do feel on a constant basis, a sense of unlovabililty along with that of unworthiness that is combined with an affirmative evaluation of others. The preoccupied style is usually formed whenever a primary care giver is inconsistent in their manner of parenting. This is marked with being loving while being responsive. This is however true only when they are able to manage but not in their response to the childs signals as pointed out by Cassidy (2000). In adults Several adults have been shown to be exhibiting this style and they are known to be in a constant quest to be accepted by others through the gaining of acceptance of other individuals in the community. Fearful avoidant style This is the last type of avoidance styles It comprises of highly negative individuals.They do have: High anxiety High avoidance They also feel the following: Unworthy Unlovable They view people negatively and regard them as either rejecting or untrustworthy. Due to this, they usually avoid very close relationship and try to avoid being rejected at all costs. This group is made up of individuals who have been abused and neglected as pointed out by (Bartholomew Horowitz, 1991). The durability of the attachment styles The durability in this case refers to the state of stability of the attachment styles. This has however been a subject of too much controversy and debate. The attachment theory postulates that after repeated experiences during an individuals childhood, they do while in infancy, develop a string of knowledge structures a concept that can also be referred to as an inner working model that acts as a representative of the various several interactions that the infant had while they were with their primary care giver. The infant then learns of the fact that whenever their primary caregivers get responsive then they have an opportunity of counting on them as well as others should need be. On the other hand, in case the primary care givers are cold, unresponsive and inconsistent, then the child would soon learn to ignore or rather neglect their role in his or her life in regards to gaining comfort. . This model has for a long time been thought of as being persistent throughout the life of an individual and can be considered to act for them as some sort of a guide as illustrated by Fraley, (2002). In order to support this model, we bring out the fact that adults generally do tend to be more attentive to situations that bring out their experiences and to information that is in congruence with their worldly expectations. This is called the confirmation bias In order to illustrate this, we look at the study that was conducted by Simpson, Rholes, Nelligan in 1992 that portrayed that people who have avoidant working models with a general view of others as being unreliable did also vies social scenarios as being ambiguous. A study conducted by Roisman, Collins, Sroufe, Egeland (2005) in order to explore if an infants style of attachment could be predictive of their adult hood indicated that: A secure mind state in regard to one;s romantic relationship and better of (high quality) romantic relationship is usually a result of a secured attachment relationship that took place in infancy. In yet another study by Torgersen, Grova, Sommerstand, (2007) whose research relied on the test results of hypothesis that purported that attachment in most adults is heavily influenced by certain genetic factors. This was done through a comparison of both monozygotic as well as dizygotic twins attachment styles. Their result is was that both the environment and the genes have a profound influence on attachment Recent theories Several recent theories dispute this notion. They do propose however that the durability of a certain style is a functions of the stability of an individuals environment. This can be illustrated with a consideration of the experiences of new relationships and formation of new attachments both of which can bring about positive influence on an individuals working model. It is worth noting that the attachment theory is very crucial in the explanation of an individuals interpersonal relationship in a lifetime. The four proposed attachments styles: Secure Preoccupied Dismissing and Fearful avoidant Are all crucial in the explanation of an individuals interpersonal relationship. It is important to note that the durability of attachment has been questioned and more research is going on this. Applications to social phenomena Attachment theory in raising children Attachment is the link that forms between the person taking care of an infant and the infant itself from when it is between eight to nine months of age, giving the child security emotionally. Bonding starts from when a child is being given food, and goes on to participating in pseudo-dialogue and then it is followed by the child taking part in more active roles of proto dialogue, as shown by Kaye (1982), other ideas such as inter-subjectivity and scaffolding have been looked into by psychologists. As an infant continues growing, their attention towards the person taking care of them increases. John Bowlby (1958, 1980) founder of the attachment theory was involved in extensive analysis on the emotional link between infants and adults and he had a strong belief that the early relationships greatly determined the emotional and behavioral growth of a child. An earlier study done by Bowlby in 1944 found out that children who had an unstable upbringing where more likely to become juvenile derelicts. His work is often free to criticism and has been improved on with further research. Other following research has measured different levels of security and insecurity in children from early times by use of the method known as Strange Situation Test. Other explorations have also shown different types of the difficult habits and how a child may relate with the person taking care of them actively. Bowlbys theory was founded on ideas from ethology studies and earlier works. The psychodynamic theory as put by Sigmund Freund was very pertinent during the 50s following the Second World War when women were taking up caring for households and playing motherhood roles as men were going back to employment post war. Sigmund believed that every child ought to have a relationship with one caregiver monotropism and that separating from this person would bring about the proximity promoting behaviors in the attachment order. The caregiver coming would cause the behaviors of, clinging, making noise and crying to come to an end. The protected grounds of the affectionate links present between the parent and infant representation becomes part and parcel of the inner working model. These therefore become the heart and the base of all close relationship during continuation of the childs life all through to adulthood. The interference of a mother and childs relationship through lack of emotion, se paration and bereavement to the bonding process. Bowlbys theory of maternal deprivation (1951, 1953) was supported by Konrad Lorenz imprinting study on the young ones of animals done in 1966. He believed that the childs caregiver should impress as a constant figure, and that lack of maternal links between mother and child could be dangerous to the childs health mentally and could cause delinquency. His opinions on long term organizational care were that if a child was placed in a foster home before reaching two years and six months social, emotional and cognitive development may not be delayed but his other works show there has been varying types of parting in youth with serious behavioral issues. Attachment behavior as looked into by Mary Ainsworth works (1985) Ainsworth Bell, (1974) Ainsworth et al (1978) becomes the base for all potential connections and this develops up to two years from the time the child is born. She also agreed with Bowlby on the opinion that the process of attachment bonding occurs at the age of two years. Roughly when the infant is about 7 months old when they get to be watchful of strangers and unknown environments. This continues until the child attains two years of age. The process Ainsworth (1969) investigated to determine if a child was securely or insecurely connected was the strange situation paradigm. This involved a series of short separations and reunions. The childs parent and a person unknown to the child took part in the study with a child aged one year, there were eight series in total and Ainsworths measurement on secure and insecure connection was founded on the reunion scene of how the child reacted in such a situation. Evaluation was carried out using four different variables. The results showed that there were three main varying styles of adjusting. Type A was the anxious and avoidant. The Type B secure while the Type C was the anxious and ambivalent. Most children showed secure attachment; one fifth of them showed anxious/avoidant and one tenth showed anxious/amb ivalent. Main and Solomon (1990) introduced yet another variable, D Type: which in recent times was disorganized to match the behaviors of children in risky environments. The strange situation paradigm, has been faulted by Judy Dunn (1982, 1983), she believed that children from varying backgrounds like institutional care and those living with their families may bring different meanings to the test and the childs environment. The method and results of the experiment are doubted even by Judy Dunn herself. In another study carried out by Richman in 1982 et al it showed that different dangerous factors of disturbed behavior can be evident from the time a child is three years old. Some of the factors known to influence a childs emotional development are the mothers mental state, marital stability and the parents attitudes to the child. The childs active part must also be taken into consideration when giving advice on bringing up children as is shown in Sameroffs 1991 transactional model, as children interact with their environments, while the caregiver develops the childs behavior and how they will relate in future. In Ainsworth and Bowlbys view in which they both agree relationships are universal it can said that different peoples and cultures have different degrees on to what degree or amount of time an infant should be left alone, Japanese, the Chinese and the Israeli results showed Type C in a research done across cultures by one Marinus van Ijzendoorn and Peter Kroonenberg in 1988. Problems could also be with the ethological view of drawing comparisons between children and the young ones of animals as they could be controlled by an instinct. Bowlby considered only the effect on the child by the caregiver yet other factors could affect this such as the child moods. A mother whose child has a thorny mood could prefer to work and leave their child in a day facility which in turn could have a negative effect on the mother being unable to leave the child behind with other people. The mothers patience and the look of the goodness of fit. Researchers Chess and Thomas (1984) suggested that attachme nt could impact on the behavior and a reflection on the attachment link between the child and the primary caregiver (mother). Bowbly and Ainsworth worked together in the development of secure links as per the sensitive mothering of a child in its first year but it could have an impact on the mother as argued by Woollet and Pheonix in 1991, where if she has to abandon all her earlier work and duties possibly leading to frustrations. A workable alternative is to share the responsibility of parenting but this notion would appear to be contrast to the opinion of Ainsworth and Bowlby. The showing of the movie A Two-Year-Old Goes to Hospital, by James Robertson in 1952 showed the stress and pains of a child separated from the mother during a long stay in hospital. During this period mothers were advised not to pay regular visits to their children while in hospital. According to Ainsworth and Bowlby ,the abrupt and premature separation of the child could have terribly affected its emotional wellbeing and the bonding process. Separation and providing alternative means for taking care of the child have been researched on more recently. Day care was among the topics researched into by Bowlby and his belief was that that if a child started nursery schooling before attaining three years of age, it would also cause irreparable damage to the child. However, recent studies done during the 70s and 80s have shown varying opinions and this was proved in a research carried out by Laurence Steinberg and Jan Belsky in 1978 and in yet another study done by Clarke-Stewart and Fein (1983). A much later study done by Belsky (1988), had different views as mothers who worked for more than 20 hours a week showed a higher level of insecure attachment as compared to his earlier study which found absolutely no problems with taking children for day care, Clarke-Stewart opposed this data. Other crucial factors that needed to be taken into consideration according to Belsky were the difference in the surroundings, the children in the day care facility, the staff at the day care and the quality of the day care. Appendix A: Figure 1: Attachment models source (http://www.personalityresearch.org/attachment.html) Abraham Mohrhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04826403973464524250noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7776055038911814820.post-73386101932702640222019-11-13T16:28:00.001-08:002019-11-13T16:28:04.221-08:00Stuart Hall Essay -- British CultureOutline: In this essay I will try to present the ways in which Stuart Hall influenced the development of Cultural Studies in Britain and illuminate the importance of his contribution to the understanding of British culture in general. As ââ¬Å"one of the leading cultural theoristsâ⬠, an epithet given to him by The Observer in 2007, he expanded the field of study to include gender, race and identity. He is also important for introducing new approaches to the study based on the works of French theorists. Introduction Stuart Hall was born in Kingston, Jamaica on February 3, 1932. After receiving a Rhodes scholarship in the 1950 he came to Britain in order to study at Merton College at the University of Oxford. He was a member of the Windrush generation, when a great number of African-Caribbeans migrated to the UK and other parts of Europe in the search of a better future. It is interesting to note that he was part of the Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament (CND) in 1957. The publication of his book ââ¬Å"The Popular Artsâ⬠(Hall and Whannel 1967; first published in Britain in 1964) ten years later led to the invitation by Richard Hoggart, another important figure in the founding of British Cultural Studies, to join the Birmingham Centre for Contemporary Cultural Studies. In 1968 he replaced Hoggart as the director of the institution and held the position until 1979. The BCCCS might be considered the cradle of cultural studies in Britain and some might even say that is the pivotal institution in the history of cultural studies in general. After leaving his position at the Centre, Hall became a professor at the Open University. He retired in 1997. Throughout his career, Hall stressed the practical impact that cultural studies can have on... ...ââ¬â¢s work has been crucial for both the process of formation and the expansion and development of British Cultural Studies, as well as cultural studies as an international discipline. Due to the fact that Hall was born in Jamaica but practiced his career in Britain, he is able to present views both from inside and outside the British society. As much as he participated in contributing to the studies dealing with ethnicity, he also contributed to the study of national identity. The impact of his work expands the circle of cultural studies; during the 1980s he was a fierce critic of Thatcherism and influenced the Labour Party in Britain. The dedication he put in his work, together with the innovation and diversity of his studies have earned him the epithet ââ¬Å"The Father of Cultural Studiesâ⬠, a title most certainly deserved for redefining British cultural studies. Abraham Mohrhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04826403973464524250noreply@blogger.com0